Методическая разработка тема Спорт для учащихся разного уровня подготовки

Учитель английского языка Яглова Ольга Петровна

Пояснительная записка

Методические рекомендации и материалы к изучению темы включают подбор лексического материала по теме «Спорт» и имеют следующие разделы:

1. Работа с лексикой.

а) вводится определенное количество новой лексики

в) даются упражнения на :

- освоение лексического материала

- тренировку лексического материала

- закрепление лексического материала

г) предлагаются упражнения на активизацию и использование лексики в

различных видах речевой деятельности:

аудировании, чтении, переводе, письме, говорении.

2. Тексты для аудирования

Предлагаемые тексты для аудирования снабжены:

а) подготовительными упражнениями в аудировании, направленными на снятие лексических трудностей текста, подлежащего восприятию на слух.

б) заданиями, направленными на контроль понимания содержания аудируемого текста.

3. Тексты для чтения

Предлагаемые тексты, объединенные данной тематикой, различаются по степени сложности и включают:

а) простые тексты

б) частично адаптированные тексты

в) тексты не адаптированного характера

и содержат задания на:

• извлечение полной информации (чтение с использованием словаря)

• извлечение основной информации (без использования словаря)

• извлечение частичной информации (без использования словаря)

Материал разделен на разделы в зависимости от объекта усвоения и от доминирующего вида формируемой речевой деятельности учеников.

Это деление условно, так как работа над текстом (чтение, аудирование) предполагает решение некоторых устно-речевых задач, так же как и работа над лексикой, которая может включать, кроме того и повторение определенного грамматического материала и т. д..

Материал каждого раздела можно разделить на обязательный, который обеспечивает базовый уровень владения лексикой по теме, и факультативный, который дается отдельным ученикам или группе учащихся для более углубленной работы над предметным содержанием темы.

Объединение материала в разделы по деятельностной доминанте дает свободу ученику и учителю, позволяет осуществлять выбор материала и сочетать его по своему усмотрению.

Имеется словарь по теме «Спорт», который включает в себя основную лексику предыдущих этапов обучения и большое количество новой лексики.

Рекомендации:

Работа с лексикой:

При работе с лексикой следует придавать значение ее систематизации, группируя ее по различным принципам (семантический, словообразовательный, грамматический, лексической сочетаемости)

Аудирование

При обучении аудированию предлагаются подготовительные упражнения в аудировании, направленные на снятие лексических трудностей текста, подлежащего восприятию на слух. Эти задания предполагают ознакомление с приведенными там лексическими единицами и иногда с их переводом.

Чтение

Как цель обучения чтение предполагает овладение следующими действиями:

• опознание известных языковых единиц; слов, словосочетаний, целых предложений;

• установление новых смысловых связей этих единиц;

• догадка о значении неизвестных лексических единиц (по словообразовательным компонентам, общности с родным языком, по контексту);

• поиск значения слова в словаре, использование комментария; выделение основных фактов и т. д.

На этой основе происходит понимание текста и принятие смыслового решения:

а) интересно / неинтересно

б) что было известно / что ново

в) что нужно запомнить, принять к сведению / что не нужно

г) желательно действовать так же (следовать примеру, заимствовать опыт) или нет и т. Для выявления понимания текста используется письмо, либо устная речь (говорение)

Говорение

Обучение говорению осуществляется по следующим направлениям:

-решение коммуникативных задач в диалогической и монологической формах.

-решение коммуникативных задач на базе аудирования и чтения

Эти направления находят свою реализацию в предлагаемых упражнениях имеющихся разделов.

Письмо

Студенты учатся делать выписки из прочитанного текста. Это задания на поиск информации и ее фиксацию, на составление тезисов для устного высказывания.

Кроме того, запись новой лексики в тетради, письменное выполнение лексических и грамматических упражнений. Контроль техники письма и орфографических навыков предусмотрены в заданиях и тестах . Студентам предлагаются тексты с пропусками слов, необходимостью выбрать верную грамматическую форму слова, необходимостью выбрать одно из слов синонимического ряда и т. д.

Материалы к изучению темы «Спорт» содержат большое количество заданий, которые невозможно выполнить без партнёра или партнёров, они предполагают работу в парах или малых группах. Имеются задания, предполагающие "информационное неравенство" участников; задания организованного ролевого общения в жизненных ситуациях; задания для спонтанного общения, когда учебная ситуация переходит в естественную, что соответствует новым методическим подходам при обучении иностранному языку.

Предлагаемые материалы обеспечивают практическую направленность всего учебного процесса и обеспечивают реальные возможности для применения учащимися полученных знании и умений.

These sports and games are less common:

Archery [ a:tSqrI]

Fencing

Climbing

Mountaineering [ mauntI nIqrIN]'

Riding

Surfing and windsurfing

Sailing / yachting [ jLtI:N]

Diving

Water polo [ pqulqu]

Water skiing

Baseball

Martial [ ma:Sl] arts:

Aikido [aI kI:dqu]

Karate [kq ra:tI]

Judo [ Gu:dqu]

Taekwondo [ taIkwPn dqu]

Sports are participated indoors (indoor sports) and outdoors (outdoor sports). Here are some names of special places for practicing sport or doing physical exercise:

A gym

Acourt

A ring

A stadium

An ice rink

A fitness centre

A track (a racetrack)

A swimming pool

A football field

Sports grounds

Other people who are important in sport are:

A coach

An instructor [ InstrAktq]

A judge or a referee [ refq rI:]

Athlets compete either individually or in teams and crews (in sailing and rowing).

We can speak about:

A national team

An Olympic team

A school team, etc.

Guess what sports and games are described here:

1. the sport of fighting with fists;

2. the sport of riding in a small boat with sails;

3. the sport of one who swims;

4. the sport of playing a type of football with an oval ball

5. a game of two people who use rackets, a small soft ball and low net;

6. the sport of moving through the water in a boat without sails

7. the sport of going on a horseback;

8. a game played by two teams of 6 players each that is played on an ice field;

9. an outdoor game, popular in Britain played in summer with a small ball by two teams of 11 players each, usually dressed in white.

Раздел 1

Some of the popular sports are:

boxing

cycling

rowing

swimming

gymnastics

ice - skating

weightlifting

athletics / track -and - field

high / long jump

downhill / skiing

cross - country skiing

aerobics [ eq/roubIks]

working out (in the gym)

wrestling [ reslIN]

figure skating

Races: a running race

a horse race

a motor race

a swimming race

Some of the popular games are:

golf

darts

chess

table tennis (Ping-Pong)

tennis

draughts

snooker

ice hockey

field hockey

rugby

badminton

basketball

volleyball (soccer)

These sports and games are less common:

Archery [ a:tSqrI]

Fencing

Climbing

Mountaineering [ mauntI nIqrIN]'

Riding

Surfing and windsurfing

Sailing / yachting [ jLtI:N]

Diving

Water polo [ pqulqu]

Water skiing

Baseball

Martial [ ma:Sl] arts:

Aikido [aI kI:dqu]

Karate [kq ra:tI]

Judo [ Gu:dqu]

Taekwondo [ taIkwPn dqu]

EXERCISE

Name as many as you can:

1. summer sports and games

2. winter sports and games

3. sports done all the year round

4. indoor sports and games

5. outdoor sports and games

6. items of sports equipment

Раздел 1

EXERCISE

How many names of sports can you find in this wordsearch? The words may appear in any direction.

Key: baseball, cricket, bowls, darts, archery, golf, tennis, judo, windsurfing.

EXERCISE

Look through the list above and say:

1. the names of which sports you didn't know before;

2. which of these sports in your view are

1. the most dangerous

2. the least dangerous

3. the most exotic

4. the most common

5. the best for keeping fit

6. the most attractive for you and why

EXERCISE

Study the information from this table and make sentences, using the construction more / less … then

Interesting

golf

fishing

Expensive

horse riding

tennis

Boring

cricket

weightlifting

Dangerous

chess

football

Enjoyable

jogging

Fishing

Difficult

table tennis

tennis

beautiful

figure skating

wind Surfing

useful

fencing

gymnastics

common

archery

basketball

Example:

1. I think golf is more interesting than fishing

2. ……………………………………………..

Items of sportswear:

Swimming-trunks and swimsuit

Trainers

A sports jacket

A waterproof jacket

A tracksuit

Knee-length socks

Mittens and gloves

A T-shirt and shorts

Раздел 1

Equipment - what you hold in your hand

Golf - club

Squash/ tennis/ badminton - racket

Darts - dart

Archery - bow

Cricket/ table-tennis - bat

Hockey - stick

Snooker / pool /billiards - cue

Rowing - oar

Fishing - rod/ line

EXERCISE

Practicing which sports need special equipment or doesn't need any equipment

EXERCISE

Name one other piece of equipment necessary to play these sports apart from the item given, as in the example. What special clothing, if any, is worn for each sport?

Example: golf: clubs, balls

1 archery: bow, ………..

2 badminton: racket, ……………

3 hockey: stick,………….

4 baseball: bat, …………..

5 darts: darts,………….

Key: 1 arrows, 2 shuttlecock 3 ball 4 ball 5 dartboard

Clothing :

1 Archers usually wear special gloves, and probably a cap to shade their eyes.

2 Usually sweat-shirt and shorts or tennis - skirt, with tennis style shoes, possibly sweat-bands too.

3 Hockey-players usually wear shorts or a short tennis-skirt, but also protective gloves, shin-pads too and possibly a safety-helmet.

4 Baseball players often wear caps, plus protective clothing (special gloves, shin-pads, etc.).

5 No special clothes, since the game is usually played informally in pubs and clubs.

Sports are participated indoors (indoor sports) and outdoors (outdoor sports). Here are some names of special places for practicing sport or doing physical exercise

A gym

A court

A course

A field

A ring

A stadium

An ice rink

A fitness centre

A track (a racetrack)

A swimming pool

A football field

Sports grounds

Раздел 1

EXERCISE

which of the sports can be practiced

1. both indoors and outdoors

2. only indoors or outdoors

EXERCISE

Match the sport with the location

1. golf

2. boxing

3. tennis

4. swimming

5. football

6. athletics

7. ice-skating

1. rink

2. pool

3. stadium

4. pitch (field)

5. court

6. ring

7. course

EXERCISE

Match the sport and the description

1. tennis

2. jogging

3. swimming

4. skiing

5. skating

6. rowing

7. hockey

8. boxing

9. fencing

10. sailing

1. is done in water

2. a boat is needed for it

3. is a team sport

4. is played by two or four with a ball

5. can be done alone

6. can only be done by two

7. is done on ice

8. snow is necessary for it

9. swords are used for it

10. wind is necessary

Раздел 1

People who are important in sport are:

A coach

An instructor [ InstrAktq]

A judge or a referee [ refq rI:]

Which of the two?

Referee or umpire?

Both referee and umpire are judges. Referee is used in connection with basketball, boxing, football, hockey, rugby, wrestling. Umpire is used in connection with badminton, baseball, cricket, swimming, tennis and volleyball

Athlets compete either individually or in teams and crews (in sailing and rowing).

We can speak about:

A national team

An Olympic team

A school team, etc.

EXERCISE

Guess what sports and games are described here:

10. the sport of fighting with fists;

11. the sport of riding in a small boat with sails;

12. the sport of one who swims;

13. the sport of playing a type of football with an oval ball

14. a game of two people who use rackets, a small soft ball and low net;

15. the sport of moving through the water in a boat without sails

16. the sport of going on a horseback;

17. a game played by two teams of 6 players each that is played on an ice field;

18. an outdoor game, popular in Britain played in summer with a small ball by two teams of 11 players each, usually dressed in white.

People who do particular sports

-er can be used for many sports, e.g. footballer, swimmer, windsurfer, high-jumper, cricketer, golfer, etc.

Player is often necessary, e.g. tennis-player, snooker-player, darts-player; we can also say football-player, cricket-player.

Some names must be learnt separately, e.g. canoeist, cyclist, mountaineer, jockey, archer, gymnast.

EXERCISE

What do you call a person who…?

1 does the long jump?

2 rides horses in races?

3 drives cars in races?

4 throws the discus / javelin?

5 does gymnastics?

6 plays hockey?

7 Plays football?

8 does the pole-vault

If you go in for sport you:

train for a competition (match, game)

compete in a championship

take part in a tournament [ tLnqment]

set / break records

score points and goals

win or lose (in) the competition

win a prize / a cup

draw the game

Раздел 1

Verbs and their collocations in the context of sport

Our team won / lost by three goals / points.

She broke the Olympic record last year.

He holds the record for the 100 metres breast-stroke.

Liverpool beat Hamburg 4-2 yesterday.

The team have never been defeated. (more formal than beat)

How many goals / points have you scored this season?

I think I'll take up bowls next spring and give up golf.

EXERCISE

Fill in the gaps with suitable verbs.

1. Were many records ……………at the Olympics?

2. We've been ……..so many times we deserve to be bottom of the league!

3. Congratulations! How many points did you ……by?

4. You should ………jogging. That would help you lose weight.

5. Who ………….the world record for the 1000 metres? Is it a Russian?

6. I only ever once ………a goal, and that was sheer luck.

Key: 1 - broken, 2 - beaten / defeated, 3 - win, 4 - take up, 5 - holds, 6 - scored

Here are the verbs connected with the topic "SPORT"

but they have several meanings. Try to give your translation of the following word combinations:

Win - won - won

1. the game /competition / battle / war. выиграть, победить

2. respect / fame добиться

3. hearts / audience завоевать

Lose - lost - lost

1. the game проиграть, потерпеть поражение

2. the key / temper / control / weight / way потерять

Run - ran - run

1. away / fast / slowly бежать

2. the country / hotel управлять, владеть

3. the road runs / the river runs etc. Идет, бежит, течет, уменьшается

Break - broke - broken

1) the record ставить рекорд

2) the cup / the leg / heart разбить, сломать

3) the law / the rule . нарушить/ прекратить .прервать

Catch - caught - caught

1. the ball / cold ловит, поймать

2. bus / train успеть

3. the sound / smell / уловить / почувствовать

4. the idea / meaning понять

Draw - drew - drawn

1. a picture рисовать

2. the game сыграть вничью

3. the rubber draws тянуть, тащить

Раздел 1

Exercise

Give the best translation

1. The home team has won.

3. He is sure to win

4. They won by chance.

5. She lost diamond ring before wedding

6. Children got lost in the woods.

7. He lost his job.

8. It is dangerous to go fishing.. The ice is breaking.

9. He fall down and broke his glasses.

10. The cat caught the mouse/ bird/

11. The police caught the criminal/ spy/ thief

12. She is always loosing her things and documents.

13. Children got lost in the forest

14. He lost his job.

15. The book in the shop window caught my eye.

14. It was difficult to catch the idea

15. Did you catch the meaning of a word?

16. We were caught in the rain

17. He was caught by the camera

18. The weather is breaking

19. A chimney must draw

20. Rubber draws

21. He won the election by the majority of voices.

22. He won the hearts of audience.

23. The plane was quickly loosing speed.

24. All is lost.

25. They broke negotiations.(peace talks)

26. It was late. She drew the curtains and went to bed.

27. The carriage was drawn by horses

28. They drew the car to the petrol station.

29. May the best man win.

30. He is sure to win

31. There is not a moment to lose.

32. The army lost heavily

33. The book lost in translation

34. He fell in love and lost his head / mind / sense

35. The clock (watch) is loosing.

36. He caught a strange sound

37. He caught the smell of smoke.

EXERCISE

Put in the missing letters

p t i t .

c p e

ak p t

p c c .

p y

r n

u p

w m

EXERCISE

which of these sports are more popular in

1. Russia

2. The USA

3. Great Britain

EXERCISE

Put the suitable word into the gaps.

happy, upset, puzzled, angry, depressed.

1. The girl got a lot of presents for her birthday. She was ………………..

2. The student can't answer the question. He is ……………..

3. The boy has broken the window. His father is ……………… with him.

4. Our football team has lost. We are …………….

5. He didn't pass the exam. He is …………….

1. Do you like sport?

2. What is your favourite sport?

3. Why do many people go in for sport?

4. What sport is the most useful?

5. Can you call yourself a fan?

6. What are the most important international competitions?

7. What is the idea of Olympic Games?

8. What is the symbol of Olympic Games?

III.

The Olympic games

The original Olympic Games began around 800 BC in Ancient Greece and continued until they were abolished by the Roman Emperor Theodosius in AD 393. The first modern Olympics took place in Athens in 1896, and since then, more than a dozen different countries have staged the Summer Olympics. The cities of Paris, London, Berlin and Los Angeles have hosted the Olympics twice.

In 1956, Australia became the first country outside Europe and America to stage the Olympics, while Mexico was the first Latin American country to have the Olympics, in 1968.

Many of the great athletes in the world have taken part in the Olympic Games, but no one has equalled the achievements of the great Finnish athlete, Paavo Nurmi, who between 1920 and 1928 won nine gold and silver medals.

The Olympic Games have seen many tragedies and triumphs. For example, in the maraphon of 1908, the little Italian, Dorando Peitri five times in the last part of the race, but came first - only to be disqualified because spectators helped him over the finishing line. And in 1936, the famous black American athlete Jesse Ovens broke six world records in a single day!

From the first modern Olympics in Athens, when only fourteen countries participated the Olympics have grown to include over 140 countries. Gold, silver and bronze medals have gone to over 8,000 men and women.

Раздел 2

Listen to the text and say why the boys thought that the old gentleman had won the cat.

You've Won!

An old gentleman was very unhappy about young boys who lived near him. They were always noisy, played the guitar loudly and sang strange songs. The old gentleman thought they had very bad manners and didn't know the difference between right and wrong.

One day he was taking a walk in the park near his home when he saw some young boys standing around a small cat. The old man went up to the boys and asked them what was happening. One of the boys said to him: "We are having a competition. We're telling lies and the one who tells the biggest one will keep this cat."

The old gentleman thought that was a good opportunity to teach the boys good manners and to give them a useful lesson. So, he said to them: "I've never told a lie in my life!" When the boys heard these words they shouted: "You've won! You can take the cat!"

Listen to the text and say why a short answer is called a laconic answer.

A Laconic Answer

The Lacons lived in that part of Southern Greece which was called Laconia. The people who lived there were very brave. They loved their Motherland and defended it from all the enemies. Everybody knew that their life was very simple. They tried to follow the laws of their country and never spoke long. "The shorter the better," was their rule. "Never use more words than you need," was another rule. And nowadays as you probably know a very short answer is often called a laconic answer, because the Lacons usually gave such short answers.

In Northern Greece there was a land called Macedonia. King Philip ruled there. He was not very clever and he was not very brave, but he wanted to become king of all Greece. So, he collected a great army and soon he became master of all Greece. Only Laconia was not conquered. Then King Philip wrote a letter and sent it to the brave Lacons. The letter said: "If I win the battle with your army, I will become your king and ruin your great city."

A few days later an answer was brought back to him. King Philip found only one word in it. The word was very short, and that was 'If'

Now answer the following questions:

1. Where was Laconia situated?

2. What were the rules of the people who lived in Laconia?

3. What kind of life did the Lacons have?

4. Who ruled Macedonia?

5. Where was Macedonia situated?

6. What did King Philip want?

7. What did he write to the Lacons in his letter?

8. What answer did he get?