- Преподавателю
- Иностранные языки
- Grammar Rules Reported Speech
Grammar Rules Reported Speech
Раздел | Иностранные языки |
Класс | - |
Тип | Тесты |
Автор | Куличкина А.А. |
Дата | 11.03.2015 |
Формат | doc |
Изображения | Нет |
Grammar Rules
Reported Speech
Direct speech - "I am working hard", he said.
Reported speech - He said (that) he was working hard.
When we use reported speech, we are usually talking about the past. So all the verbs usually change into a past form.
Present Simple → Past Simple
"I work hard", he said. → He said (that) he worked hard.
Present Continuous → Past Continuous
"I am working hard", he said. → He said (that) he was working hard.
Present Perfect → Past Perfect
"I have worked hard", he said. → He said (that) he had worked hard.
Past Simple → Past Perfect or can stay the same
"I saw Jane at a party a week ago", he said. → He said (that) he saw (had seen) Jane at a party a week before.
Note: Past Perfect and Past Continuous usually remain the same in the reported speech.
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We don't always need to change the tense of the verb if you say something that is believed to be true.
Jane said "New York is bigger than London". → Jane said (that) New York is (or was) bigger
than London.
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We leave modals must, might, could, would, should, ought to unchanged in reported speech. But we normally change may to might in reported speech.
"You must work harder", she said. → She said (that) I must work harder.
"You may explain it better", he said. → He said (that) I might explain it better.
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We change time words and certain words in the following way:
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
tonight, today,
this week/month/year
that night, that day,
that week/month/year
now
at that time, at once, immediately
now that
since
yesterday,
last night/week/month/year
the day before,
the previous night/week/month/year
tomorrow,
next week/month/year
the following day/the day after,
the following/next week/month/year
two days/months/years etc. ago
two days/months/years etc. before
this/these
that/ those
here
there
come
go