Методическое пособие по английскому языку для специальности Экономика и бухгалтерский учет

Департамент образования г. Москвы

ГОУ СПО Колледж индустрии гостеприимства и менеджмента № 23

Горбунова И. П.

СБОРНИК КОНТРОЛЬНЫХ РАБОТ

ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ

ДЛЯ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ «ЭКОНОМИКА И БУХГАЛТЕРСКИЙ УЧЕТ»

Москва, 2011

Введение.

В условиях значительных изменений в экономической жизни России, с расширением международных связей одним из главных качеств специалиста в области экономики и бухгалтерского учета становится его профессиональная коммуникативная компетентность, включающая в себя и профессиональную иноязычную коммуникативную компетентность. В связи с этим, большое внимание уделяется изучению иностранного языка.

В соответствии с учебным планом по специальности «Экономика и бухгалтерский учет» студенты изучают дисциплину «Иностранный язык (английский)». За период обучения студенты выполняют контрольные работы в объеме программы.

В данном методическом пособии представлены методические указания для студентов по выполнению и оформлению контрольных работ, варианты контрольных заданий.

Цель данного пособия - помочь студентам в успешном овладении английским языком и выполнении контрольных работ, развитии иноязычной коммуникативной компетентности как компонента профессиональной деятельности будущих специалистов в области экономики и бухгалтерского учета.

1. Методические указания для студентов по выполнению и оформлению контрольных работ.

Настоящие методические указания имеют целью помочь вам в вашей самостоятельной работе над развитием практических навыков чтения и перевода литературы по специальности на английском языке.

Для того чтобы добиться успеха, необходимо приступить к работе над языком с первых же дней и заниматься языком систематически.

1.1 .Правила чтения.

Прежде всего, необходимо научиться правильно произносить и читать слова и предложения. Чтобы научиться правильно произносить звуки и правильно читать текст на английском языке следует:

Во-первых, усвоить правила произношения отдельных букв и буквосочетаний, а также правила ударения в слове и в целом предложении; при этой следует обратить особое внимание на произношение тех звуков, которые не имеют аналогов в русском языке, во-вторых, регулярно упражняться в чтении и произношении по соответствующим разделам рекомендованных программой учебных пособий.

Для того, чтобы научиться правильно читать и понимать прочитанное, следует широко использовать технические средства, сочетающие зрительное и слуховое восприятие. Систематическое прослушивание звукозаписи помогает приобрести навык правильного произношения.

При чтении необходимо научиться делить предложения на смысловые отрезки - синтагмы, что обеспечит правильную технику чтения, необходимую, для правильного понимания текста.

1.2. Запас слов.

Чтобы понимать читаемую литературу, необходимо владеть определенным запасом слов и выражений. Для этого рекомендуется регулярно читать на английском языке учебные тексты, газеты и оригинальную литературу по специальности.

Работу над закреплением и обогащением лексического запаса рекомендуется проводить следующим образом:

А) Работая со словарем, выучите английский алфавит, а также ознакомьтесь по предисловию с построением словаря и системой условных обозначений, принятых в данном словаре.

Б) Слова выписывайте в тетрадь или на карточки в исходной форме с соответствующей грамматической характеристикой, т.е. существительные -ед.ч., глаголы - в неопределенной форме(инфинитиве), указывая для неправильных глаголов основные формы.

1.3. Работа над текстом.

Поскольку основной целевой установкой обучения является получение информации из иноязычного источника, особое внимание следует уделить чтению текстов. Понимание иностранного текста достигается при осуществлении двух видов чтения:

1. Чтение с общим обхватом содержания.

2. Изучающее чтение.

Понимание всех деталей текста не является обязательным. Читая текст, предназначенный для понимания общего содержания, необходимо, не обращаясь к словарю, понять основной смысл прочитанного.

Чтение с охватом общего содержания складывается из общих умений:

А. Догадываться о значении незнакомых слов на основе словообразовательных признаков и контекста.

Б. Видеть интернациональные слова и устанавливать их значения.

В. Находить знакомые грамматические формы и конструкции и устанавливать их эквиваленты на русском языке.

Г. Применять знания по специальным предметам в качестве основы смысловой и языковой догадки.

Точное и полное понимание текста осуществляется путем изучающего чтения. Изучающее чтение предполагает умение самостоятельно проводить лексико - грамматический анализ, используя знания общетехнических и специальных предметов. Итогом изучающего чтения является точный перевод текста на родной язык.

Проводя этот вид работы, следует развивать навыки адекватного перевода текста (устного или письменного) с использованием отраслевых, терминологических, словарей сокращений.

1.4. Выполнение контрольных заданий и оформление контрольных работ

1.Количество контрольных заданий, выполняемых вами на каждом курсе, устанавливается учебным планом колледжа.

2Контрольная работа в данном пособии предлагается в пяти вариантах. Вы должны выполнить один из вариантов.

3.Выполнять письменные контрольные работы следует в отдельной тетради. На обложке тетради напишите свою фамилию, номер и вариант контрольной работы.

4.Контрольные работы должны выполняться чернилами, аккуратно, четким почерком. При выполнении контрольной работы оставляйте в тетради широкие поля для замечаний, объяснений и методических указаний рецензента.

5.В каждом контрольном задании выделяется один или два абзаца для проверки умения читать без словаря, понимать основную мысль, изложенную в абзаце. После текста даются контрольные вопросы, с помощью которых определяется, насколько правильно и точно вы поняли мысли, изложенные в тексте.

Контрольная работа №1

Вариант 1

Small Business in the USA: An S-Corporation Is not Always Best

It is generally believed that small companies should incorporate as S-corporations. While an S-corporation enjoys many corporate attributes (the main is that the owners of a corporation do not expose their personal assets to corporate liability), it is treated like a partnership for purposes of determining its Federal income tax liability. At the end of each fiscal year, its total earnings (or losses) are prorated to each shareholder, and these earnings (or losses) are incorporated into their individual income tax returns.

Among the advantages of the S-corporation for small business is no "double taxation" - paying an income tax on corporate net income, and then paying an individual income tax on the dividend income subsequently distributed by the corporation.

Thus, an S-corporation "generally will not be liable for federal income tax." If losses are incurred during the start-up period (or any other period), these losses can be deducted each year from the shareholders' tax returns. All income, losses, credits, and deductions are "washed through" the S-corporation at the end of each fiscal year, and carried directly to the individual tax return for each shareholder. Being emptied out at the end of each fiscal year, the S-corporation has no retained earnings account.

For most of small businesses, the S-corporation has long been the preferred corporate structure. The operational accounting is simpler, and accounting, legal, and administrative expenses are minimized. Shareholders receive the immediate benefits of earnings without "double taxation", and the shelter of tax deductive losses on their individual tax returns. There are sound reasons to state that this is generally the most popular corporate structure.

However, for small businesses that are growing rapidly, the conventional C-corporation status may turn out to be more preferable. The primary motivation for such a change would be the ability to retain and reinvest earnings in the expanding business.

The maximum Federal income tax rate for C-corporation is 34 percent for taxable income up to $10.0 million, whereas the maximum tax rate on S-corporation income is now the maximum individual rate of 39.6 percent. At the other end of the range, the Federal tax on corporate income of $100,000 is $22,250 for a C-corporation, whereas the incremental tax on this income added to other income of the shareholder in an S-corporation could be as high as $39,600 if the shareholders are already in the maximum tax bracket. If the business is striving to retain and reinvest all possible cash during a period of strong growth, it will obviously forgo distributing cash dividends thereby avoiding the problem of "double taxation."

The maximum tax be will be effectively reduced by more than 16 percent, and substantial funds will then be retained to meet the capital needs of the expanding

enterprise. Discounting the effects of depreciation charges, this shift of corporate structure yields an almost 10 percent increase in net cash flow.

Задания по тексту:

1. Перевести текст письменно.

2. Выписать спецлексику.

3. Ответить на вопросы письменно.

What types of corporations are described?

What is the maximum corporation tax rate for taxable income up to $10.0 million?

What is the main advantage of the S-corporation status?

What does the term "double taxation" mean?

In what case is the C-corporation status more preferable than the S-corporation status?

Практика

1. Представьте, что Вы встречаете представителя английской компании. В аэропорту Вы увидели мужчину, внешний вид которого соответствует описанию того человека, которого Вы должны встретить. Выполните следующие действия:

а) обратитесь к нему на английском языке и узнайте, тот ли это человек, который Вам нужен;

б) представьте себя (назовите свое имя и фамилию, а также компанию, которую Вы представляете);

в) извинитесь за свое опоздание;

г) спросите, как он долетел;

д) предложите ему пройти к Вашей машине;

е) спросите его, не помочь ли ему донести его чемодан;

ж) представьте себе, что этот человек оказался не тем человеком, который Вам нужен. Попросите у этого человека прощение за беспокойство.

2. Представьте, что к Вам в компанию приехал представитель иностранной фирмы. Выполните следующие действия:

а) представьтесь сами и представьте ему сотрудников Вашей компании с использованием следующих выражений:

Let me introduce myself. I am ....

Let me introduce my staff to you. This is .... He (she) is ....

I'd like you to meet.... He (she) is ....

May I introduce ... to you. He (she) is ....

б) спросите у него, какую компанию он представляет, какая у него должность, из какого города он приехал;

в) спросите у него, не хотел бы он чего-нибудь выпить; предложите ему сигарету, чашку кофе, чая, сока и т. п.; спросите у него, не будет ли он возражать, если Вы закурите.

г) назначьте ему встречу на завтра и попрощайтесь с ним.

Грамматическое задание.

1. Выписать из текста повествовательное предложение в Indefinite Tense, задать к нему общий, специальный вопросы и вопрос к подлежащему.

2. Перевести предложение, обратите внимание на спряжение глагола to be. Я ученик. Она доктор. Он сейчас дома. Вы были в порядке вчера? Джейн была учительницей. Я не буду врачом. Я буду инженером.

3. Поставьте данные предложения в отрицательную форму, переведите их.

You have many books. Her parents have free time. I have much work now. Your brother has a family. Your friend has a new book.

4. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. There is ... thick red ... carpet in my ... room. ... carpet is on ... floor in ... front of... sofa. 2. Where is ... table in your brother's room? - His table is near ... window. 3.1 can see ... fine ... vase on shelf. Is it your ... vase? 4. We have no ... piano in your living-room. 5. My ... uncle is ... married. He has... beautiful wife. They have ... son, but they have no ... daughter. 6.1 can see ... nice ... coffee-table in ... middle of... room to ... right of... door. It is ... black and ... red. I like ... coffee-table. 7. Our ... TV-set is on ... little ... table in ... comer of... room.

5. Переведите предложения в Indefinite Tense.

Мой брат не учится. Он работает? Мой дядя пишет книги. Когда вы встаете? Что ты видел вчера в зоопарке? Я видел зебру. Прошлым летом мы жили в Сочи. Завтра я не пойду в школу.

Контрольная работа l

Вариант 2

Consumer Rights

In their role as consumers, ordinary EU citizens are key players in the Union's new frontier-free single market. The Union has in fact incorporated as the basis of its consumer policy, the protection of the five fundamental rights which lie at the heart of national policies. These are;

1. The protection of consumers' health and safety Only products which will not endanger health or safety may be put on the market. This means setting safety requirements, providing full information about potential risks, protecting consumers against physical injury.

2. The protection of consumers⁹ economic interests There is for example a general ban on misleading advertising and unfair terms in contracts with consumers.

3. Consumer rights to information and education Consumers need to be put in a position where they can make an informed choice among goods and services offered. This includes objective information on the features and price of the items available. Consumers also require proper information about their efficient and safe use.

4. The right to redress

Consumers have the right to receive advice and help when seeking redress for faulty products or for injury or damage resulting from the use of goods and services. There need to be simple, affordable and rapid procedures for settling complaints and claims.

5. Consumer representation and participation

Representatives of consumers need to be present in decision-taking procedures on issues of concern to them at local, national or EU level. At Union level, this covers not only specific consumer issues but also other relevant policy areas like food laws, transport, competition policy, financial services, environment and the like.

When the Community (the former name of European Union) adopted its first consumer program in 1975, it focused on the practical application of the five principles. As a first result, a number of directives were adopted over the next 10 years covering among other things the safety of cosmetic products, the labelling of foodstuff, misleading advertising, consumer rights in door-step selling, product liability and the provision of consumer credit.

In addition to its program of legislation on consumer protection, the Union took steps to make sure the interests of consumers are taken into account at local and EU level. It has supported the development of national consumer organizations and of five major EU-wide organizations with consumer interests.

These are:

- The European Consumer's Organization (BEUC),

- The Confederation of Family Organizations in the European Union (Coface),

- The European Community of Consumer Cooperatives (Eurocoop),

- The European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC), and

-The European Interregional Institute for Consumer Affairs (EIICA)

Internally, the European Commission created an independent

Consumer Policy Service in 1989 in order to give more authority and a higher profile to the implementation of consumer policy.

According to the data of 1991, nearly 64 % of Community GDP (внутренний национальный продукт) is devoted to private consumption, the highest proportion being 70.3 % in Greece and the lowest 52.5 % in Denmark (63.4 °/o in UK). The remainder of the GDP is devoted mainly to financing investments and the collective consumption of general government.

On average. Europeans devote 20 % of their 'consumption' budget to food (ranging from 37.8 % in Greece to 16.6 % in Germany, 21.5 % in UK) whereas 17.2 % covers housing expenditure (27.8 % in Denmark as against 10-3 % in Portugal, 18.5 % in UK). There are also marked disperities in spending on leisure and education (4.3 % in Luxembourg compared with 10.5 % in Ireland, with a UK average of 9.7%).

There is plenty to be done, even after the legislative program set out in the Maastricht Treaty on European Union is completed. The single market, like any other, needs to balance the interests of buyers and sellers if it is to operate efficiently. This means not only fixing additional rules for consumer protection but also ensuring that existing ones are applied correctly (which is not always the case).

Задания по тексту:

1. Перевести текст письменно.

2. Выписать спецлексику.

3. Ответить на вопросы письменно.

State five main principles of EU policy of consumer protection.

What organizations are involved in this process?

When was the first consumer program adopted?

What is the 'consumption' structure in Great Britain?

What kind of legislative program is mentioned in the text?

Практика

1. Вы являетесь начальником отдела кадров фирмы. Вам нужно заполнить вакансии секретаря, бухгалтера, торгового агента и начальника отдела сбыта. Познакомьтесь с кандидатами.

Скажите свои реплики и ответы на них по-английски:

- Здравствуйте. Ваше имя?

- Где Вы раньше работали?

- На какой должности?

- Есть ли у Вас отзывы с предыдущего места работы?

- На каких языках Вы говорите, пишите?

- Заполните, пожалуйста, анкету.

- Приходите послезавтра.

2. Ниже перечислены имена сотрудников, названия их должностей и виды деятельности. Соответствуют ли служебные обязанности каждого сотрудника его должности?

Names & Job Titles

a) Mr. Black (Clerk)

b) Miss. Quest and Mr. Sikorski (Computer operators)

c) Mrs. Lyons and Mrs. Gibbs (Typists)

d) Ms. Frost (Receptionist)

e) Mr. Sommer (Accountant)

f) Mrs. Bee and Miss Shriver (Secretaries)

g) Mr. Luckins (Manager)

Activities

prepare invoices, write reports

write computer programs

operate the computer

write reports

type letters

answer inquiries, welcome visitors

write computer programs, use calculators

operate the computer, write telexes

welcome visitors

welcome visitors, write telexes

answer inquiries, write reports

Грамматическое задание.

1. Выписать из текста повествовательное предложение в Indefinite Tense. Задать к нему общий, специальный вопросы и вопрос к подлежащему.

2. Перевести предложения, обратите внимание на спряжение глагола to be.

Вчера мы были в кино. Сейчас они дома. Он был рабочим. Твой брат будет завтра дома? Моя сестра будет дома вечером. Мой друг не в парке. Он в школе.

3. Поставьте данные предложения в отрицательную форму, переведите

Helen has a new white hat. Mike has many friends. We had a good library. You have much work.

4. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1.1 have ... coloured TV-set. ... TV-set is on ... little table in ... comer of... room. 2. There is ... pen, and ... paper on my ... writing-desk. 3. My ... brother is ... teacher. He works at... school. He has ... very good books. His ... books are in ... big ... bookcase. 4. There is ... tea in my ... glass. There is no ... tea in my ... friend's ... glass. His ... glass in empty. 5. Where is ... coffee-table in your ... room? ... coffee-table is in ... front of... sofa. There is ." cup on ... coffee-table and ... newspapers. There is ... coffee in ... cup.

5. Переведите предложения в Indefinite Tense.

Твой дядя ходит на работу каждый день? Я люблю кофе, я не люблю молоко. Маленькая девочка не играет на улице. Что ты делал вчера? Вчера я ходил в кино. Следующим летом я поеду на юг. Завтра мы пойдем в театр. В прошлом году я играл в теннис.

Контрольная работа №1

Вариант 3

In the Bank

In a large, dimly lighted room with acoustic walls and ceilings to deaden sound, about fifty operators - predominantly women - are sitting at a battery of monitors with a keyboard beneath each. It is here that holders of the blue, green, and gold credit cards are given or refused credit.

When a card is presented anywhere in payment for goods or services, the place of business can accept the card without question if the amount is below an agreed limit, usually between twenty-five and fifty dollars. For a larger purchase, authorization is needed, though it takes only seconds to obtain.

The approval procedures move at jet speed. From wherever they are, merchants and others dial directly to the credit-card processing center of the bank. Automatically each call is routed to a free operator, whose first words are, "What is your merchant number?" As soon as the answer has been given, the operator types the figures, which appears simultaneously on the monitor. Next she asks the card number and amount of credit being sought. They are also typed and displayed.

The operator presses the key, feeding the information to a computer, which instantly signals "accepted" or "declined". The first means that credit is good and the purchase has been approved, the second that the cardholder is delinquent and credit has been cut off. The operator informs the merchant, the computer records the transaction. On a normal day fifteen thousand calls come in.

Sometimes a monitor flashes a message from the computer - "stolen card". In this situation an operator, speaking calmly, as trained, has to answer, "The card presented to you has been reported as stolen. If possible, detain the person presenting it and call police. Retain the card. The bank will pay you thirty dollars reward for its return."

Storekeepers are usually pleased at the prospect to get an easy thirty dollars. For the bank it is also a good deal, since the card, left in circulation, can be used fraudulently for a much greater total amount.

But this system works well only when the bank has got the information and can program the computer. Unfortunately most of the defrauding happens before a missing card is reported. To avoid this the computer also warns the operators about excessive purchasing: when a cardholder makes ten or more purchases during a single day, the computer alerts an operator. Since an ordinary cardholder never makes more than six or eight purchases a day, a card showing more than normal use may be fraudulent, even though the owner might be unaware of its loss.

However, despite all the warning systems, a lost or stolen card, if used cautiously, is still good for twenty thousand dollars' worth of fraudulent purchases in the week or so during which most stolen cards stayed unreported.

Moreover, there are devices used by criminals to decide whether a stolen card can be used again or if it is hot. A favorite is to pay a waiter twenty-five dollars to check a card out. He can get the answer easily by consulting a weekly confidencial warning list issued by the credit card company to merchants and restaurants.

Задания по тексту:

1. Перевести текст письменно.

2. Выписать спецлексику.

3. Ответить на вопросы письменно.

How many operators are sitting in the room of the credit-card processing center?

What are they supposed to answer in fhe situation when the computer is flashing the "stolen card" message?

What reward does a storekeeper get for retaining a stolen card?

How many purchases can a cardholder make during a single day not to alert the operator?

What do criminals do to decide if a stolen card can be used again?

Практика

1. Представьте, что Вам звонит Ваш деловой партнер из Англии. Выполните следующие действия:

- спросите по-английски, какую компанию он представляет;

- попросите у него прощения, скажите, что Вы в данный момент очень заняты, и попросите его перезвонить Вам попозже;

- спросите, из какого города он звонит;

- узнайте его телефонный номер и код города, из которого он звонит.

3. Представьте, что Вам звонит из Англии Ваш деловой партнер, который собирается приехать к Вам в командировку. Выполните следующие действия:

- спросите по-английски, какого числа он собирается к Вам приехать;

- спросите, когда прибывает его рейс, и пообещайте встретить его в аэропорту;

- спросите, не заказать ли ему номер в гостинице, и пожелайте ему приятного пути;

- сформулируйте фразу для заказа для него двухместного номера в гостинице сроком на четверо суток со вторника, 18 ноября, по пятницу, 21 ноября, включительно.

Грамматическое задание.

1. Выписать из текста повествовательное предложение в Indefinite Tense. Задать к нему общий, специальный вопросы и вопрос к подлежащему.

2. Перевести предложения, обратите внимание на спряжение глагола tobe.

Он был на работе вчера?Вы больны? Дженни не юрист, она врач. Завтра мой дедушка будет в деревне. Ты будешь летчиком? Где ты был вчера?

3. Поставьте данные предложения в отрицательную форму, переведите их.

My sister has two children. That old woman has a black cat. Your friend has a new book. My parents have a house. You have much work.

4. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1.... Moscow is situated on ... Moscow River. ... Moscow is a river that moves very slowly. There is a canal called ... Moscow-Volga Canal which joins ... Moscow to ... Volga. ... Volga runs into ... Caspian Sea. 2. Several rivers run into ... sea at ... New York. ... most important is ... Hudson River which runs into ... Atlantic Ocean. Besides ... Hudson River there is ... East River and ... little Harlem River. 3. In ... Siberia there are many long rivers: ... Ob, … Irtysh,… Yenissei,... Lena and ... Amur. 4. ... Altai Mountains are higher thаn ... Urals. 5. Which are ... highest mountains in ... Russia?

5. Переведите предложения в Indefinite Tense. Где он живет? Ты любишь читать книги. Она живет в Лондоне, она не живет в Москве. Я приду домой в 6 часов. Они переводили трудный текст вчера? Он ходил в кино вчера? Вчера мы были заняты и не смотрели телевизор.

Контрольная работа №1

Вариант 4

Advertising as a Career in the USA

Advertising is any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of products, services, or ideas by an identifiable individual or organization. It flourishes mainly in free-market, profit-oriented countries. It is one of the most important factors in accelerating the distribution of products and helping to raise the standard of living. Advertising cannot turn a poor product or service into a good one. But what it can do - and does - is to create an awareness about both old and new products and services. So three main objectives of advertising are: (1) to produce knowledge about the product or service; (2) to create preference for it; and (3) to stimulate thought and action about it. Careers in advertising may involve working for advertisers, media, advertising agencies, or suppliers and special services. In opinion of American specialists, at most, only 35 colleges and universities in the USA have effective programs of advertising education. Fewer than 10 offer any truly significant amount of graduate work in advertising. However, advertising draws people from a variety of educational backgrounds.

Advertisers. Most companies that advertise extensively have advertising managers, or brand managers. Because these people help to coordinate the company's advertising program with its sales program and with the company's advertising agency, they must have aptitudes for both advertising and management.

Media. All media use salesmen to sell advertising space or broadcasting time. Media salesmen must be knowledgeable about business and skilled in salesmanship.

Advertising Agencies. A variety of specialists is required in an advertising agency because it develops advertising programs, prepares advertisements, and places them in media. Those interested in advertising research and fact gathering should know both statistics and consumer psychology. Competence in media planning and evaluation is essential for a career in media. The media buyer must identify and determine the most effective media in which to expose the advertising messages, and purchase space or time in these media.

Copywriting requires creative writing skills and ability to vizualize ideas. The copywriter is a developer of advertising ideas and messages.

Layout, typography, and visualization are essential for those in art, both for print advertising and for television commercials. Print-production specialists must know printing, photoengraving, and typography.

Experience in "show business", dramatics, photography, music, playwriting, and allied fields are excellent backgrounds for the television producer.

Besides, every agency needs the account executive to be a mediator between an advertiser and an agency who should have accountant background and managing skills.

Supplies and Special Services.

Positions similar to some of those already described are offered by the following services that support advertising: marketing research organizations, television and radio producers, film producers, art studios, photographers, producers of display materials, typographers, photoengravers, and product and package designers.

Job Prospects. More than 0.1 % of the U.S. population work in advertising, but their numbers are expected to grow rapidly. Opportunities for rapid advancement are generally greater in advertising than in most other industries. How rapidly a person moves up in responsibilities and pay is based largely on his own efforts, more than on age or length of employment. For women. Opportunities in advertising - at least in advertising agencies and in retailing - tend to be greater than in most other business enterprises.

In general the rate of pay is comparable to that of business executives and professional men, such as physicians and lawyers in the same community

Задания по тексту:

1. Перевести текст письменно.

2. Выписать спецлексику.

3. Ответить на вопросы:

4. What is advertising?

What are the main objectives of advertising?

What may career in advertising involve?

What should advertising agents know?

What percent of the US population works in advertising?

Практика

1. Вы - руководитель фирмы, схема которой представлена на рисунке. Расскажите о своей фирме, ответив на вопросы:

- How many departments are there at the company?

- How many managers work at the company?

- What is in your opinion the most important department?

- Are there any overseas branches?

2. Следующие пять функций являются основными в работе любого менеджера:

a) Planning

b) Organizing

c) Staffing

d) Directing

e) Controlling

Опишите эти функции.

Грамматическое задание.

1.Выписать из текста повествовательное предложение в Indefinite Tense. Задать к нему общий, специальный вопросы и вопрос к подлежащему,

2. Перевести предложения, обратите внимание на спряжение глагола to be.

Где твой брат? Он в школе. Карандаш на столе.

Когда твоя сестра будет дома? Мы не были на юге прошлым летом.

Вчера она была дома. Он был учеником 20 лет назад.

3. Поставьте данные предложения в отрицательную форму, переведите их.

My friends have a good library. He has a good family.

She has many books. They have much time. She has two children.

4. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо

When we want to write ... letter, we take ... piece of... paper and ... pen. We first write our ... address and ... date in ... right-hand comer. Then on ... left-hand side we write ... greeting. We may write, for instance, «My dear brother,» «Dear Henry,» etc., end then on ... next line we begin ... real letter. We must not forget to leave ... ;line-height: 100%"> 5. Переведите предложения в Indefinite Tense.

Мой рабочий день начинается рано утром. Я встаю в семь часов.

Он вчера хорошо говорил по-английски и не делал ошибок.

Что ты видел вчера в зоопарке? Твоя сестра говорит по-французски?

Завтра я поеду навестить моих друзей. Что ты будешь делать после уроков?

Контрольная работа №1

Вариант 5

Multitasking

From the earliest time people have been trying to do several things simultaneously. They can read a book, cook dinner, talk on the phone, and do many other things at the same time. As car has become available, the time of multitasking has increased: people drive, listen to the radio, eat, and smoke in the cars at the same time.

Now an arsenal of new technology (from notebook computers to cellular phones and portable televisions) makes it possible for everyone to multitask all day.

The computer industry introduced the word "multitasking" to the vocabulary. Mainframe computers that handled networks were the original multitaskers. Apple's and Microsoft's software turned millions of personal computers into multitaskers. Today millions of people can set their personal computers to multitask white they are themselves multitask: talking on the phone, receiving faxes, and looking through newspapers at the same time.

While multitasking is not bad for computers, it may be a bad thing for some people. Psychologists say it is possible for the human brain to process two or more tasks at the same time, but only one of them receives sharp attention. Multitasking makes stressful lives of people more stressful. Experts say that although a lot of people believe that multitasking enchances their productivity, in fact it can reduce it.

Because of the limitation of human brain, multitasking can lead to many mistakes. Indeed, a person who is doing several things at the same time may put the wrong number in a spreadsheet or send a message to the wrong e-mail address. Moreover, people on the other end of the line don't usually like to talk to a person who is doing something else while talking to them. It may alienate the people from the multitasker.

Multitaskers also like to do more than one thing at once even in their leisure time. They cannot watch television without reading a newspaper or have dinner without watching TV.

Now multitasking takes place nearly everywhere. A lot of businessmen and managers are never far from their notebook computers and cellular telephones. They are almost always doing two or three things at once, driving and dialing, speaking and typing on keyboards of their computers. On airplanes they are using their notebook computers to answer e-mail messages. While driving, they are speaking on their cellular phones. "Why wait?" they ask. "That's the world we live right now".

Pattern of Multitasking

Edwina went back to the beginning. What were the obvious facts? The first was that money was missing. The second was that the amount was six thousand dollars. The third obvious fact was that Juanita Nunez knew the exact amount of money missing from her cash drawer after almost five hours of transactions and before she had balanced out her cash. Everyone who knew about the loss agreed it was impossible.

But was it impossible? Edwina got up. "Mr. Tottenhoe. will you come with me, please?"

They crossed the floor. Juanita Nunez was accepting a deposit. Edwina said quietly, "Mrs. Nunez, when you've dealt with this customer, please put up your 'position closed' sign and lock your cash drawer."

Juanita did not speak while transferring a small metal plaque to the counter as instructed.

Edwina asked, "Mrs. Nunez, you've been insisting that you always know the amount of cash you have- Do you know how much is in your drawer now?"

Juanita hesitated. Then she nodded, unable to speak.

Edwina handed her a slip of paper. "Write down the amount." After visible hesitation Juanita took a pencil and wrote, "$23,765".

Edwina passed the slip to Tottenhoe. "Please go witn Mrs. Nunez and stay with her until she balances out today's cash. Compare the result with this figure."

Three quarters of an hour later Tottenhoe reappeared. He put the slip of paper on Edwina's desk.

"The figure was right?" Edwina asked.

"Exactly right," Tottenhoe replied.

Задания по тексту:

1. Перевести текст письменно.

2. Выписать спецлексику.

3. Ответить на вопросы письменно.

1. What is multitasking? 2. Are you a multitasker? 3. How many things are you doing at the same time: at your office, at home, when you are driving to your office or home, when you are watching TV or having dinner? 4. Would you say it's dangerous to be a multitasker? 5. What else was Juanita doing while dealing with customers of the bank?

Практика

1. Представьте, что Ваша компания принимает участие в выставке и представляет на стенде свои изделия. К Вам с вопросом подошел представитель американской компании. Выполните следующие действия:

- представьтесь сами и спросите, какую компанию он представляет;

- узнайте, что именно заинтересовало его в вашей экспозиции;

- опишите основные технические характеристики изделий, которые производит либо дистрибьютором которых является Ваша компания;

- отметьте те особенности изделий, которые, по Вашему мнению, выгодно отличают их от аналогичных товаров Ваших конкурентов;

- укажите на какой срок службы рассчитаны Ваши изделия, какова продолжительность гарантийного срока, какую поддержку Ваша компания оказывает пользователям этих изделий, сколько изделий и в какие сроки Ваша компания готова поставить покупателю.

2. Представьте себе телефонную беседу с фирмой-партнером. Ответьте на поставленные вопросы:

a) Have you received our shipment of tyres?

b) When did it arrive'?

c) Are ail the things you order included?

d) Did you get the invoice too?

e) Have you paid the invoice for the last shipment yet?

f) But why haven't I got the record of the payment?

g) Does the amount of the invoice correspond to what you ordered?

h) Is it necessary for us to give you a credit note to cover the difference?

i) Will you be paying the new invoice immediately?

j) Can you send the cheque before the end of the month? Otherwise our accounts department is considering changing the conditions of payment.

Грамматическое задание.

1. Выписать из текста повествовательное предложение в Indefinite Tense. Задать к нему общий, специальный вопросы и вопрос к подлежащему.

2. Перевести предложение, обратите внимание на спряжение глагола to be. Я был болен вчера. Кто отсутствует? Все присутствуют.

Мы всегда рады встрече со старыми друзьями. Где ты был вчера?

Мои родители - интересные люди. Завтра твой дедушка будет в деревне?

3. Поставьте данные предложения в отрицательную форму, переведите их.

We have a big house in the village. Jane has a black cat. He has many friends.

I had an interesting book. She has two sisters.

4. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

l.What ... colour in your new ... hat? - It's ... same colour. 2. Is there ... refrigerator in your ... kitchen? 3. Where is ... refrigerator in your ... kitchen? - Its in ... comer of ... kitchen. 4. There are ... flowers in your ... living-room. ... flowers are in ... beautiful vase. 5. I have ... tea in my ... cup. 6. He has no ... coffee in his ... cup. 7. I have ... books, ... exercise-books and ... pens in my ... bag. 8.1 am ... engineer. I work at... office. I go to ... office in ... morning. As ". office is far room ... house I leave in, I take ... bus to get there.

5. Переведите предложения в Indefinite Tense.

Завтра мы пойдем в кино.

Она любит кофе, она не любит молоко.

Ты любишь рисовать?

Петя хорошо играть в футбол.

Какую оценку ты получил вчера?

Вчера я встретил своего друга. Вчера у них не было урока английского языка.

Контрольная работа № 2 Вариант 1

Job hunting

TST Systems was looking for candidates for an opening position of a Commercial Director. Three applicants came for an interview after they had submitted their Cover Letters and Resumes. The third and the most successful was Mr. Klimenko. Here we are presenting the inter view with him.

- Good morning, sir.

- Good morning. Come in, come right in. Mr. Klimenko, isn't it? Please take a seat. You will have to excuse me a moment while 1 finish signing these letters. Meanwhile please fill in the application form...- There, that'll do. Now I can concentrate on you, Mr. Klimenko. Tell me, how long were you in your last job with Alpha?

- Five years. I am only leaving because the firm is moving to Sevastopol, but I think a change will do me good.

- What do you know about our company? Have you got any questions to me?

- I know that this is a very promising company, so I'd like you to inform me what will be the major focus of efforts in the next few years?

- We plan to expand our activity on English-speaking countries, mainly on England, to buy equipment and technologies from them and run training programs here. We need a team of creative persons to make our company competitive in the world market.

- What responsibilities and obligations do you suggest during the first year?

- Well, first of all to be responsible for our contacts with English partners, to buy good equipment and generally to be skillful in negotiations. You will have to travel very much. Besides, we are expecting a new fair in London soon and maybe you will have a chance to go there.

- Yes, I see.

So tell me what are your three main strengths?

- I think they are: reliability, loyality, energy.

- OK. How do you relieve everyday tensions?

- I am accustomed to work under pressure.

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- Are you a leader, an entrepreneur by nature?

- Yes, 1 think so. because I make contacts with people very easily.

- All right. Now, Mr. Klimenko, I am quite prepared to offer you a job with us. You have excellent references from your previous job. What do you find a fair salary?

-Equivalent of $500.

- I think we'll begin you from $450 for the experimental period and if you do well we'll review it

by the end of three months. Hours are from nine to five thirty, with an hour for lunch and a fortnight's holiday. Does that suit you? Any questions?

- What about travel: length, where?

- Mostly to England for not longer than a month.

- All right. I suppose supportive environment here. When do you want me to start, sir?

- In a week, if possible.

- I am afraid I can begin working only since October 10.

- No problem. We'll be seeing you on the 10th then?

- Yes, certainly. Thank you very much. Good bye.

- Goodbye.

Задания по тексту:

1. Перевести диалог письменно.

2. Выписать спецлексику.

Грамматическое задание.

1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или Past Continuous.

a.) I (to write) an English exercise now. b.) I (to write) an English exercise at this time yesterday. c.) My little sister (to sleep) now. d.) My little sister (to sleep) at this time yesterday. e.) My friends (not to do) their homework now. They (to play) volley-ball. f.) My friends (not to do) their homework at 7 o'clock yesterday. They (to play) volley-ball.

2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Indefinite или Present Perfect,

a.) I already (to do) my homework. Now I can go for a walk.

30

b.) I (to do) my homework yesterday. c.) He just (to come) home. ,d.) He (to come) home a minute ago. e.) Nick (to play) football yesterday. f.) She already (to come) from school. Now she is doing her homework.

3. Переведите на английский, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice.

A) За этим доктором часто посылают,

B)На вокзале его часто встречают друзья.

C)Вам в школе дают книги для чтения?

D) Какие упражнения делали в классе?

Е)В будущем году построят много школ.

F)B институте его много вспоминали и говорили о нем.

4. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

a.) "My friend lives in Moscow," said Alee.

b.) "You have not done your work well," said the teacher to me.

c.) The teacher said to the class: " We shall discuss this subject tomorrow."

d.) The woman said to her son: "I am glad I am here."

e.) Mike said: "We have bought these books today."

g.) Nellie said: "I read Jane Eyre" last year."

Контрольная работа №2 Вариант!

At the Company

Mr. Klimenko is at Continental Equipment office. He is having an appointment with the managers of this company.

- Good morning, gentlemen! How are you?

- Fine, thanks. And how are you getting on?

- Very well, thank you.

- Let me tell you about our company. As you know, Mr. Klimenko, we produce process equipment. Our firm consists of 6 departments: Production, Sales, Export, Financial, Personnel and Research & Development. The last one is the newest at the company. It was created five years ago.

- According to your legal status, are you a Pie?

- Right, we are.... Our management are the Meeting of Shareholders and the Board of Directors. Earlier the Chairman of the Company was one of the senior partners, but now it is Mr. Rogers, as you know. Currently we employ about 1,600 people. Our turnover is more than £300 million.

- You will work with our Export Department. We export our equipment to 5 countries all over the world. Besides, we have two daughter companies in Holland and Germany with headquarters in those countries.

- Are they your subsidiaries or branches?

They are our subsidiaries. Each company trades under its own name. But we are looking for new partners in Eastern Europe as well. We would like to expand our activity. So Mr. Cartwright went to Kiev to establish personal contacts with your

company. Before we knew it only by correspondence. Have you read all our correspondence with your Director?

- Yes, I think so. We investigated thoroughly your business proposal.

- Have you got our price-lists and catalogues with you now or I'll ask Miss Elliot to bring them here?

- Thank you, but they are with me as well as copies of your letters. I expect to make the Draft Contract here, maybe by the end of this week, and finally to conclude the Contract with you after discussing it with my Director by phone.

- All right. Let us get down to business. Today and tomorrow we were going to talk about terms of payment and delivery.

- Right. And the day after tomorrow we'll be talking about packing and transportation.

- Then I plan to go to London for three days. As you know, there will be an exhibition. Will you join me?

- Yes, with pleasure. It would be very helpful for the purpose of my visit.

- I hope so. And after that you'll have enough time for visits to our works and

going sight-seeing.

- That suits me all right. And I expect to submit the Draft Contract to my Director by fax not later than by next Wednesday.

Задания по тексту:

1. Перевести диалог письменно.

2. Выписать спецлексику.

Грамматическое задание.

1.Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous ИЛИ Past Continuous.

32

a.) You (to eat) ice-cream now?

b.) You (to eat) ice-cream when I rang you up yesterday?

c.) What your father (to do) now?

d.) What your father (to do) from 8 till 9 yesterday?

e.) Why she (Ip cry) now?

f.) Why she (to cry) when I saw her yesterday.

2 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в В Past Indefinite ИЛИ Present Perfect

a.) I (to read) this book last year.

b.) I (to read) this book this year.

c.) I never (to be) to Washington.

d.) You ever (to be) to New York?

e.) You ever (to see) the eruption of a volcano?

f.) I (not yet to eat) today.

3. Переведите на английский, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice.

а.) Кто написал это письмо? b.) Эта работа будет закончена на будущей неделе? с.) Когда были посажены эти яблони? d.) В институте его часто вспоминали и говорили о нем. e.) Нас встретят на станции? f.) Когда тебя спрашивали?

4. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

a.) Father said to Jane; "Show me your exercise-book."

b.) "What are you doing here, boys?» said Kate.

c) "Don't make noise» said Tom's mother to him.

d.) Mike said to the teacher: «My sister knows two foreign languages."

e.) Tom said to his sister: "I saw your friend at the library yesterday.»

f.) Mother said to me: "You will go to the cinema tomorrow."

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Контрольная работа №2 Вариант 3

At the exhibition

Victor Klimenko is at the exhibition which is being held in London. The stand of one of the American companies has attracted his attention. At the moment he is talking to Mrs. Foster, the Sales Manager of the company.

- Good afternoon, Mrs. roster. I'm a Commercial Director of one of the Ukrainian companies. Here's my card.

- Good afternoon, Mr. Klimenko. Have you seen our advertising materials?

- Yes- Your Stand-Attendant gave them to me.

- Does our new process equipment interest you?

- Yes. We are looking for new machinery for our factory in Kiev. We need to decide what equipment to buy.

- Our new equipment is not a bad choice, Mr. Klimenko. It corresponds to the highest technical level and the highest standards existing in the world.

- But your company has not been well-known until recent times.

- You're right. We have been often considered as a second-tier player behind some well-known companies like Continental Equipment and MGM Instruments. Our company was viewed as a company that was good only for some things. That's changed. Now we're respected as a company as capable as Continental Equipment in our field,

- I was impressed by the performance of your equipment. I've seen a lot of similar systems at the exhibition ... but your equipment outperforms them.

- We've worked hard and we've achieved some success, Mr. Klimenko.

- How long is the guarantee period for your equipment, Mrs. Foster?

- Twelve months from the startup of the equipment. The duration of the guarantee period of our equipment is not uncommon.

- How long will it take you to deliver in Kiev two sets of this equipment?

- Of standard design?

-Yes.

- Two-three weeks from the date of payment.

34

- And to put it into operation?

- Two-five days depending on the model.

- Is it possible to arrange our specialists' training in your training centers?

- What kind of training, Mr. Klimenko?

- To teach them to operate the equipment properly.

- There is no need to send your specialists to our training centers, Mr. Klimenko. The equipment is fully computerized. It's easy for even inexperienced personnel to operate it.

- Fine. We are also very interested in maintenance.

- We provide our equipment with technical support for all its service life.

- And could you tell me if it's possible to adapt your equipment to our

conditions?

- I think you'd better discuss it with our Consultant, Mr. Berger. At the moment he's over there, near the next stand of our company. His name is on his badge. He'll reply to all your questions concerning the design of our equipment.

- Thank you, Mrs. Foster.

Задания по тексту:

1. Перевести диалог письменно.

2. Выписать спецлексику.

Грамматическое задание.

1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или Past Continuous.

a.) She (to read) the whole evening yesterday -b.) She (not to read) now. c.) Now she (to go) to school. d.) What you (to do) now? e.) Why she (to cry) now? -1 (to drink) tea.

f.) You (to drink) tea at this time yesterday? - No, I (not to drink) tea at this time yesterday, I (to eat) a banana.

2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы Present Perfect.

в в Past Indefinite ИЛИ

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а.) Не (not to eat) yesterday.

b.) You (to play) the piano yesterday?

c.) You (to play) the piano today?

d.) What you (to prepare) for today?

e.) Look at this bird-house! Mike (to make) it himself. He (to make) it last

Sunday.

f.) Where you (to put) my pen? I cannot find it.

3. Переведите на английский, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice.

а.) Этот перевод будет закончен через десять дней.

b.) Эту книгу вернут вовремя?

с.) Эти картины были написаны в XVI веке.

d.) В Италии нам покажут много достопримечательностей.

e.) За этим мужчиной шла огромная толпа.

f.) Нас уже пригласили на вечер.

4. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

a.) 'Torn, go to bed," said his mother. b.) "I have never seen your toys,' said Nellie to Pete, c.) "We shall go to the zoo tomorrow,' said our grandmother. d.) Nick said to his mother: "I am doing my homework." e.) "I have teamt a long poem/ said Mike to the teacher. f.) "I saw my friend at the stadium yesterday/ said Johnny to his mother.

Контрольная работа №2 Вариант 4

Wholesaling & Retailing

Mr. Khmenko is making all necessary preparations for the Draft Contract. He wants to talk to different people as to improving management at his company. Mary Elliot is assisting and escorting him,

- Let me introduce our Sales Trainee to you, sir. His name is Fred. He's engaged in examination of packing and checking transportation documents.

- How do you do?

- How do you do?

- Are salesmen paid salaries instead of being on commission?

- Yes, we get regular weekly salary. That's great. And we're accustomed to travel much as we have to deliver goods to customers.

- Right. Besides, how do you personally understand "marketing"?

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- The origin of this word is the Latin word "mercuri," meaning "to track and barter." Marketing, - therefore, is made up, on the one hand, of such physical activity as transporting, storing, and selling goods, and, on the other hand, of series of decisions that must be reached by any organization undertaking any part of the process of moving goods from the producer to the consumer. And it's also necessary to make the "hot line" for consumer inquiries and complaints to facilitate feedback

from the market to the producer.

- Thank you, Fred. I would like to have such a competent trainee as you are in

our company. But now I must phone and talk to the Advertising Manager....

- Can I see the Advertising Manager today? This is Mr. Klimenko speaking.

- Unfortunately Ms Abbot is off. She is having her lunch with the designer.

Will you leave a message for her?

- Yes, please, I would like to invite her to a dinner and to listen to her ideas as

to how to train our advertising agents. What time will she come back from her lunch?

- At 2.30 I suppose.

- So what time may I make another call?

- I'm afraid, but only after 5. From 5 to 6.

- She is a difficult person to get hold of, isn't she?

-.Yes, sir, but it's her work. ...Oh, you are lucky today. Here is an Agency's Executive, Andrew. He is waiting for Ms Abbot too and could tell you about his work, if you are interested, sure.

Some time later

- Nice to meet you, Andrew. Your position is something new for me. So I'd

like to know more about it.

- As the agency contacts with the advertiser I need the aptitudes of both a

salesman and a manager. I work with the client to determine the advertising objectives and to obtain final approval of a campaign. I also work with the agency's personnel to develop advertising messages, media, and facts finding to implement

these objectives.

- 1 see. 1 find your position absolutely necessary for the agency.

- Certainly. And for more information you should come to our agency. I could

arrange for you an appointment with the Manager.

- Fine. I am going to create a network of agents in our company to promote our products. So I would like to know in general how you consider agents, advertising agents, sales agents, etc. Does one conclude any agreement with your agents?

- Sure. There are basically two types of agency agreements. These are agreements for: 1) merchant firms and 2) sales agents. The first one stipulates that they become the owners of the goods and can dispose of them at their option. On the other hand, a sales agent may conclude agreement on consignment basis which means that the goods remain the absolute property of the principal until delivered

37

to end users. Agents are to dispose of the goods within limited period of time. Sometimes they may be granted the exclusive rights to represent the principals within the agreed territory. It is far more profitable for them.

- Yes. I should think about it for future. Sorry, but I have to leave... I would like to have a look at works where your equipment is tested, Mary.

- It is done at the Test Department. We closely test every item of equipment

before its distribution and normally have good reports from the customers both in Britain and abroad-

- Let me go there and see everything with my own eyes. I have seen only your finished products. As it's our first order we'd certainly like our inspector to be present at the tests.

- You should discuss your requirement with Mr. Rogers. And you need to wait until I get an approval of Mr. Short, our Production Manager. Then I can follow you there and show you around the shops.

- Thank you in advance, Mary.

Задания по тексту:

1. Перевести диалог письменно.

2. Выписать спецлексику.

Грамматическое задание.

1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в past indefinite ИЛИ Past Continuous.

a.) I (to play) computer games yesterday.

b.) I (to play) computer games at 5 o'clock yesterday.

c.) He (to play) computer games from 2 till 3 yesterday.

d.) We (to play) computer games the whole evening yesterday.

e.) What Nick (to do) when you came to his place?

f.) What you (to do) when I rang you up.

2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в в Past Indefinite hjih Present Perfect.

a.) At last I (to do) all my homework: now I shall go out. b.) The building of the house (to begin) early in April. c.) The rain (to stop) but a cold wind is still blowing. d.) We Already (to solve) the problem. e.) He (to come) a moment ago. f.) I never (to speak) to him.

3. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice.

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а.) Собор Святого Павла строил архитектор Рен b.) Когда написали письмо? с.) Куда положили книги? D.) За доктором пошлют завтра. e.) В Санкт-Петербурге строят много домов-f.) Произведения английских и американских писателей издают во всем мире.

4 Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

a.) "Don't cross the street under the red light' said the man to Rick. s.) "I took a very good book from our library yesterday" said Mike to his brother. b.) "Where are your books, Betsy?" said her mother. c.) "What did you do at school yesterday, John?" said his father. d.) "Will you play the piano today, Helen?" asked her aunt. e.) "Do you like my pies, Ann?" asked her grandmother.

Контрольная работа №2 Вариант 5

Money, Money, Money...

After Mr. Klimenko had visited the exhibition he thoroughly studied the prices for equipment and found out that they were somewhat higher than those of other companies for similar types of equipment. So he decided to discuss the prices and terms of payment with the top management of Continental Equipment.

- Good afternoon, Mr. Klimenko. I am happy to come back from the Exhibition.

- Didn't you enjoy it, Mr. Rogers?

- 1 don't think so. Nevertheless it was tiring. I don't like travelling, you know.

- Well, and now let's discuss the commercial side of our transaction. We were inclined to consider the prices today.

- You find them attractive, don't you?

- Unfortunately, no. Comparing with those of your competitors they are 5-10% higher.

- I'm afraid I can't agree with you here. Don't you know that we've made some modifications and reduced the power consumption of our equipment?

- Sure, I know that, but you can't say that the power consumption of your equipment is very low. And if we were that interested in power consumption we would have turned to, say. Central Installations. But our main req