- Преподавателю
- Иностранные языки
- Устная тема Traffic Rules
Устная тема Traffic Rules
Раздел | Иностранные языки |
Класс | 11 класс |
Тип | Конспекты |
Автор | Вьюшкова Е.А. |
Дата | 27.12.2015 |
Формат | docx |
Изображения | Есть |
Департамент образования города Москвы
Государственное бюджетное профессиональное образовательное учреждение
«КОЛЛЕДЖ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА №9»
(ГБПОУ КАТ № 9)
МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ УРОКОВ
ПО ПРЕДМЕТУ «ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК» (АНГЛИЙСКИЙ)
УСТНАЯ ТЕМА "TRAFIC RULES"
Автор-составитель:
Преподаватель английского языка
Вьюшкова Е.А.
Москва 2014
При обучении иностранному языку в колледже предусматривается и осуществляется профессионально-ориентированное обучение будущих специалистов. Его назначение - заложить основы практического владения иностранным языком в своей профессии. Все упражнения и задания построены на знакомом грамматическом материале для активного овладения лексическим минимумом профессиональной направленности. Итогом каждой темы блока является умение учащихся вести беседу на элементарном уровне и умение составить диалоги, краткий рассказ по данной теме. Весь материал пособия носит информативный характер, что повышает мотивацию изучения английского языка профессиональной
направленности. Использование данного материала на занятиях повышает мотивацию студентов к обучению, их образовательный потенциал, что, в свою очередь, способствует повышению качества профессиональной подготовки.
УСТНАЯ ТЕМА "TRAFFIC RULES"
Упражнение 1. Прочтите и переведите интернациональные слова:
Direction, international, regulations, indicators, signal, manoeuvre, special, service, intensity, stop, limit.
Упражнение 2. Переведите слова, обращая внимание на значение суффиксов:
To rely - reliable - reliability; danger - dangerous; manoeuvre - manoeuvrable - manoenvrability; care - careful - careless; visible - visibility; safe - safety.
Упражнение 3. Прочтите слова и словосочетания и постарайтесь их запомнить:
To drive (a car)
A driver
Traffic rules
Traffic way
Traffic jam
Oncoming traffic
Vehicular traffic
Valid
To take into consideration
The right-hand side
The left-hand side
Lane
Abreast
To forbid (forbade, forbidden)
To be responsible for
Steering wheel
To conduct (a car)
To obstruct
Alert
To adhere
A road sign
To comply
Turn, a turn
To make a turn
Complete turn, U-turn ,
Roundabout
To accelerate
To alter
To warn
Special service cars
Visibility
Intensity
Pedestrian
To correspond
To observe
To exist
-- вести, управлять машиной
-- водитель, шофёр
-- правила дорожного движения
-- движение транспорта, проезд,
магистраль
-- «пробка», затор
-- встречное движение транспорта
-- автомобильный транспорт
-- действующий
-- принимать во внимание
-- правая сторона
-- левая сторон
-- ряд, полоса дороги (для
соблюдения рядности)
-- (ехать) в ряд(у)
-- запрещать
-- быть ответственным за …
-- руль, рулевое колесо
-- вести, управлять ( машиной)
-- препятствовать движению
-- бдительный
-- придерживаться
-- дорожный знак
-- исполнять, подчиняться
-- поворачивать, поворот
-- сделать поворот
-- разворот
-- ускорить
-- изменить (позицию в ряду)
-- предупреждать
-- машины специального
обслуживания
-- видимость
-- напряжённость, интенсивность
-- пешеход
-- соответствовать
-- следовать, соблюдать
-- существовать
Упражнение 4. Прочтите и переведите текст:.
"TRAFFIC RULES "
Traffic regulations are international nowadays. But special regulations valid for one country only are also to be taken into consideration.
Traffic in Russia is on the right-hand side of streets and roads with the traffic way wide enough for several cars moving abreast in on direction. It is forbidden to drive in the left-hand lane if the right-hand lane is free.
The driver should be responsible for the condition of his car, and in particular the reliability of his brakes, the steering, the tires and the lights and indicators on his car.
The driver should conduct the car he is driving in such a manner as not to cause the danger to, or obstruct, the movements of another machine, be alert and keep to the route he is driving on
While driving in traffic, the driver must observe and strictly adhere to road signs, signals and traffic lights, and also comply with the orders of traffic inspectors.
Before making a left or right turn, a complete turn, accelerating, stopping, or making other manoeuvres which may alter his position in the lane, the driver must give warning by signaling not less then five seconds before he starts the particular manoeuvre.
Careful attention must be paid to warning signals of special service cars (fire engines, ambulances, etc.) which have the right of way.
The speed is regulated by the driver according to the condition of the road on which he is driving, visibility and also the intensity of traffic and the number of pedestrians. Upon the slightest warning of danger, he must lower his speed or stop the car.
The speed limit in cities, town and villages is 60 km an hour. On some roads speed limit is increased up to 80 km as shown by the corresponding sign..
It is forbidden to pass the car in front by driving in the lanes of the oncoming traffic, at road or street crossings and pedestrian crossings, on bridges and also before warning signs.
It is forbidden to stop on left-hand side of street or road, except in narrow streets where vehicular traffic from both directions passes along a single lane.
There exist some other traffic regulations and rules, if you observe them carefully you are safe on the road.
Упражнение 5. Найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы:
1. Is traffic in Russia on the left-hand side?
2. Should the driver be responsible for the condition of his car?
3. What must the driver observe while driving in traffic?
4. What is the speed limit in cities?
5. What is it forbidden to do conducting the car?
Упражнение 6. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы:
-
Before driving a car, a person is to pass a driving test and get a driving licence.
-
If you failed a driving text, you have to take it once more.
-
The driver should be responsible for the condition of his car.
-
The driver must observe and strictly adhere to road signs, signals and traffic lights.
-
Careful attention must be paid to warning signals of special service cars.
-
Upon the slightest warning of danger, the driver must lower his speed or stop the car.
Упражнение 7. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний:
1 right-hand side
2 traffic way
3 road signs
4 traffic lights
5 traffic rules
6 special service cars
7 fire engine
8 it is forbidden
9 road (street) crossing
10 to move abreast in one
direction
11 to conduct the car
12 to cause danger
13 to be taken into consideration
14 pedestrians
-
светофоры
-
дорожный переход
-
правила дорожного движения
-
вести машину
-
вызывать опасность
-
правая сторона движения
-
пожарная машина
-
пешеходы
-
дорожные знаки
10.запрещается
11. принимать во внимание
12. двигаться в ряд в одном
направлении
13. движение транспорта, проезд,
трасса.
14. машины специального
назначения
Упражнение 8. Выберите правильное значение каждого слова, пользуясь словарём:
1. A DRIVER 5 A ROAD SIGN
2 TRAFFIC LIGHT 6 PEDESTRIAN
3 ROAD 7 A DRIVING LICENCE
4 TO TURN 8 A TRAFFIC JAM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 A line of vehicle waiting behind something that is blocking the road.
2 A set of red, yellow, and green lights that control traffic.
3 Someone who is walking, especially in a city (or town), instead of driving or riding.
4 Someone who drives a vehicle.
5 A way that leads from one place to another, especially one with a hard surface that cars and
other vehicles can use.
6 An official document that you need in order to drive.
7 A sign that gives information to drivers.
8 To make something change the direction in which it is moving.
Упражнение 9. Добавьте как можно больше слов и словосочетаний,
которые Вы знаете, по теме "Traffic Rules":
4 traffic lights
Traffic rules 4 … 4 …
4 a driver 4 …
4 … 4 … 4 …
4 …
4 to make a turn 4 …
4 … 4 …
Traffic rules 4 lane 4 …
4… 4 …
4 traffic way 4 …
4 a road sign 4 …
Упражнение 10. В предложениях отсутствуют интервалы между
словами. Проанализируйте предложения, проставьте интервалы и
напишите предложения правильно:
1.Thespeedlimitincitiestownsandvillagesis60kmanhour.
2.Thedrivershouldberesponsibleforthereliabilityofhisbrakesthesteeringthetyresandthelightsandindicatorsonhiscar.
3.Transportationisasystemconsistingessentiallyofthreecomponentsdrivervehicleandroad.
4.Toensuremaximumsafetyforthetransportationsystemitisnecessarytoplananddesignhighwaysonreliableengineeringtechniques.
Упражнение 11. Заполните пропуски в предложениях в соответствии с содержанием текста и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. The driver should _________ he is driving in such a manner as not __________, or obstruct the movements of another machine, __________ and __________ he is driving on.
2 Careful attention must be paid to warning signals of __________, which have __________ .
3 The speed is regulated by the driver according to _________, visibility and also __________and the number of pedestrians.
4 There exist some other traffic regulations and rules, if you __________ them carefully you are __________ on the road.
Упражнение 12. Подготовьте пересказ текста, используя Упр.5 (как план).
Упражнение 13. Составьте диалоги, используя активную лексику урока.
Ask your friend: a) In what way must the driver be responsible for the condition
of his car?
b)What is it forbidden while driving a car?
Упражнение 14. Знаете ли Вы дорожные знаки? Дайте русские эквиваленты этим символам:
SYMBOLS FOR DANGER WARNING:
-
Railroad crossing with gates
-
Railroad crossing without gates
-
Intersection with tramway
-
Crossing
-
Light signals
-
Swing bridge
-
Road leads on to quay or river bank
-
Dangerous bend to the right
-
Dangerous bend to the left
-
Winding road, the first bend to the right
-
Winding road, the first bend to the left
-
Steep descent
-
Steep ascent
-
Uneven road
-
Slippery road
-
Loose gravel
-
Carriageway narrows - both
-
Carriageway narrows - right side
-
Carriageway narrows - left side
-
Two-way traffic
-
Pedestrian crossing
-
Road works
-
Cattle or other animal crossing
-
Falling rocks
-
Cross-wind
-
Other dangers
Упражнение 15. Знаете ли Вы дорожные знаки? Дайте русские эквиваленты этим символам:
1 No entry
2 Closed to all vehicles in all directions
3 No entry for motor-cycles
4 No entry for goods vehicles
5 No entry for animal-drawn vehicles
6 No entry for power driven agricultural vehicles
7 No entry for any power driven vehicle drawing a trailer
8 No entry for cycles
9 No entry for pedestrians
10 Load limit
11 Axle load limit
12 Clearance height limit
13 Clearance width limit
14 Passing without stopping prohibited
15 No left turn and U-turn
16 No right turn
17 No U-turn
18 Overtaking
19.Prohibited
Упражнение 16. Переведите предложения с русского языка на английский язык:
-
Перед тем как водить машину, Вы должны сдать тест на вождение и получить водительские права.
-
Если Вы провалились при сдаче экзамена на вождение, то Вы можете сдать его ещё раз
-
Водитель, управляя автомобилем должен строго придерживаться данного маршрута, дорожных знаков, сигналов светофора и подчиняться приказам дорожных инспекторов.
-
Запрещается вести машину по встречной полосе, а также там, где есть
-
предупредительные знаки, запрещающие или ограничивающие движение.
-
Какие машины имеют право преимущественного проезда?
-
Если Вы хорошо знаете и выполняете правила дорожного движения, то Вы безопасны на дорогах.
Упражнение 14. Проставьте артикли, где необходимо. Прочитайте текст и дайте ответ на вопрос:"What were the traffic lights invented for?"
TRAFFIC LIGHTS
The first traffic signal was invented by ….. railway signaling engineer. It was installed outside ….. Houses of Parliament in ….. 1868. It looked like any railway signal of the time, and was operated by ….. gas. However, it exploded and killed ….. policeman, and the accident discouraged further development until cars became common.
Modern traffic lights are ….. American invention. Red-green systems were installed in 1914. Three-colour signals, operated by hand from a tower in ….. middle of the street, were installed in ….. New York in 1918. ….. first lights of this type in Britain were in London in ….. junction between St. James's Street and Piccadilly, in 1925.
In ….. past, traffic lights were special. In New York, some lights had ….. statue on the top. In Los Angeles the lights did not change just silently, but rang bells to wake the sleeping motorists of the 1930s. These are gone and have been replaced by ….. standard models, which are universally adopted.
Упражнение 15. Переведите текст, пользуясь словарём.
(Технический перевод.)
TRAFFIC SIGNAL DESIGNED FOR BLIND
Japanese technology has produced a unique traffic signal that can be "seen" by blind pedestrians. The device is a steel cylinder, 37 inches high and 7 inches in diameter, which is linked to the conventional traffic system and which vibrates when the traffic light is green.
A blind pedestrian can thus determine the signal indication by touching the cylinder with his hand or cane to find out whether or not it is vibrating. The sidewalk around the intersection where one of these signal systems is installed is paved with tiles having Braille* characters which indicate that signals for the blind are in place. The complete system for an intersection consists of eight cylinders, two at a corner, for each possible direction of walking. The signal was designed by the Traffic Safety Research Centre in Okayama City. It is operated by a 74-watt AC motor.
* Braille -- a reading system for blind people that uses small raised marks that they feel with their fingers.
Упражнение 16. Переведите текст, пользуясь словарём.
(Технический перевод.)
BASIC RULES OF THE ROAD
1.Keep left allowing the vehicles from the opposite direction to pass.
2.Give way to all traffic on your right, especially at road junctions and roundabouts.
3.While turning left or right, give way to vehicles going straight.
4. While turning left, keep to the left side of the road and turn close to the
left side of the road which you enter.
5.Slow down at road junctions, intersections and pedestrian crossings.
You must also slow down near school zones, temple areas etc., where a lot of pedestrians and vehicle traffic move. Signal before you make any maneuver indicating your intention so that the other road users can adjust accordingly.
6. Always use a helmet if you are driving a two-wheeler and always see that
when you use the helmet, the strap is fixed properly..
7. Stick to the speed limit and remember that speed limit is related to the traffic condition.
8.Remember that stopping distance of your vehicle depends on the speed at which you are driving.
Ex.: If you are driving at 40 km per hour, the braking distance would be 22ms. But if you are driving at 60 km per hour, the braking distance will be 42 ms.
9. Keep adequate distance from the vehicle ahead to avoid collision.
10. Yellow lines should not be crossed, even while overtaking.
11. At road junctions or intersections, do not park the vehicle beyond the stop line.
12. Remember that at pedestrian crossings, the pedestrian has the right of way.
13.At the signal, do not stop your vehicle on the Pedestrian Crossing but stop it within the stop line.
14. Two wheelers are meant only for two. Do not carry children additionally.
15. Do not start on the amber light. Wait for the green.
16.Overtake only on the right side and do not overtake on bridges, narrow roads, junctions, school zones and pedestrian crossings. Do not overtake when one vehicle is already overtaking the vehicle which you want to overtake.
17. Never drive in a zig-zag manner. You can observe all the above only if
you are patient, considerate and careful.
SOME BASIC PRECAUTIONS TO AVOID ACCIDENTS
Most accidents happen due to overspeeding and rash driving. When you overspeed, your field of vision itself will be reduced as the speed increases. Remember that the speed limit is only the maximum permissible speed and that actual speed should be related to the traffic and road conditions.
1.Frond and read doors of the car particularly the right hand side door should be opened only after making sure that there is no vehicle, cyclist or even a pedestrian coming along close
to the door.
2.In places where it is indicated as accident-prone areas, you must drive very carefully.
3.When there is obstruction ahead, do not drive on the other side of the road without waiting and giving way to the on coming traffic.
4.Never exceed speed limits even if the road is free and even if there is no policeman around. Never be a rash driver.
5.Be a defensive driver by anticipating situations which can lead to accidents. Expect the unexpected.
6.Keep a safe distance between the vehicles by avoiding driving very close behind the vehicle in front.
7. Avoid turning your vehicle abruptly.
8. Never drive when you are overtired since you cannot be alert.
9.Any distraction, whether conversation or looking at advertisement hoardings should be avoided.
10.During night driving, dip your headlights and do not direct the full glare of your headlight
at the on coming vehicle even if he does not dip his headlight.
11.Keep your vehicle, particularly brake, in good condition.
12. Finally your attitude, frame of mind and behavior are also very important.
Courtesy and consideration to other road users, patience and responsible behavior can always save you and other road users from accidents.
TIPS FOR EMERGENCIES
In case of brake failure:
1.First do no panic; when you panic, you cannot take correct action.
2.Take your foot off the accelerator and rapidly change gear down.
3. Use hand brake.
4. Steer to the side.
In case of steering failure:
1.Reduce speed.
2.Apply brakes.
In case of tire burst:
Hold the steering wheel tight to control the pulling and halt the car quickly.
In case of skidding:
1.It can occur due to bad tires, due to spilt oil on roads and wet surface in rainy weather.
It can also occur when you apply sudden brake or take a sharp fast turn.
2.While it is skidding do not apply brake but gently steer in the direction in which it is pulling.
Precautions to be taken at intersections:
1.At intersections, stop, look and then enter.
2.Always give way to traffic on the main road.
3.At the intersection of two main roads give way to traffic coming from you right.
4. At all roundabouts, traffic on the right has preference.
Keys to the exercises.
Traffic Rules
Ex.7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
6 13 9 1 3 14 7 10 2 12 4 5 11 8
Ex.8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
4 2 5 8 7 3 6 1
Ex. 13 1-a, 2-the, 3--, 4--, 5-a, 6-an, 7-the, 8---, 9 the, 10 the, 11the, 12 a, 13 --- .