Сводная таблица английских времен

Past (прошедшее)

Present (настоящее)

Future (будущее)

Simple/ Indefinite

(простое)

Обычное, регулярное, повторяющееся действие в прошедшем (настоящем, будущем) времени

(+)She jumped. V₂/V_(-ed)

(?)Did she jump?

(-)She didn't jump.

Временные показатели: last night(year, month, spring, time), in 1999, … ago, yesterday, at 10 o'clock, the other day, when, often, sometimes

V_1(s)

(+)They speak English. She speaks English.

(?)Do they speak English? Does she speak English?

(-)They don't speak English.

Временные показатели: every day(week, month, year), usually, always, often, seldom, never, at night(s), in the morning(s)(evening, afternoon, daytime), daily, all the year round, in spring, on weekends, on days off

Will/Shall + V

(+)She will go there tomorrow.

(?)Will she go there tomorrow?

(-)She won't go there tomorrow.

Временные показатели: next summer, next year, tomorrow, tomorrow morning/night, in a few minutes, in half an hour, in some days/ weeks/months, one of these days, the day after tomorrow

Progressive/ Continuous

(длительное)

Длительное действие в определенный момент в настоящем (прошедшем, будущем) времени

Was/Were + V_ing

(+)She was watching TV.

(?)Was she watching TV?

(-)She wasn't Watching TV.

Временные показатели: at 11 o'clock yesterday, at noon, at midnight, at that moment, at that time, the whole evening, from 7 till 9, while, … when we came in, … when I saw him

Am/Is/Are + V_ing

(+)I am watching TV now.

(?)Am I watching TV now?

(-)I am not watching TV now.

Временные показатели: now, right now, still, yet, at the moment, at the present moment, Look!

Will/Shall + be + V_ing

(+)He will be watching… .

(?)Will he be watching…?

(-)He won't be watching… .

Временные показатели: at this time tomorrow, when he comes

Perfect

(совершенное)

Завершенное действие, результат которого уже имеется в настоящем (прошедшем, будущем) времени

Had + V₃

(+)She had done her homework.

(?)Had she done her homework?

(-)She hadn't done her homework.

Временные показатели: by, yet, already

Have/Has + V₃

(+)I have written the letter.

(?)Have I written the letter?

(-)I haven't written the letter.

Временные показатели: already, not … yet, just, ever, never, before, recently, twice, several times, lately

Will/Shall + have + V₃

(+)I will have eaten my breakfast.

(?)Will I have eaten my breakfast?

(-)I won't have eaten my breakfast.

Временные показатели:by this time, by 7 o'clock, by then, by now, by the end of the year

Perfect Continuous

Длительное действие, которое началось в прошлом и продолжается до определенного момента в настоящем (прошедшем, будущем) времени

Had been + V_ing

(+)I had been working.

(?)Had I been working?

(-)I had not been working.

Временные показатели: for an hour

Have/Has + been + V_ing

(+)You have been waiting for this moment.

(?)Have you been waiting for this moment?

(-)You haven't been waiting for this moment.

Временные показатели: for an hour, long, since yesterday, How long…?, Since when…?

Will/Shall + have been + V_ing

(редко используется в современном английском)

(+)We will have been living in Moscow….

(?)Will we have been living in Moscow…?

(-)We won't have been living in Moscow….

Временные показатели: for ten years next summer