Методические рекомендации Длительные времена

Министерство образования и науки САМАРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Государственное бюджетное профессиональное образовательное учреждение

Самарской области

«Тольяттинский политехнический колледж»

(ГБПОУ СО «ТПК»

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ
по английскому языку

«ГУППА ПРОДОЛЖЕННЫХ ВРЕМЕН»

Тольятти 2015

Содержание

1. Настоящее продолженное время…………………….….. ..2

2. Прошедшее продолженное время………………………. …6

3. Будущее продолженное время...……………………………9

4. Литература…………………………………………………….12

ГРУППА ПРОДОЛЖЕННЫХ ВРЕМЕН.

«PROGRESSIVE ТЕNSES»

НАСТОЯЩЕЕ ПРОДОЛЖЕННОЕ ВРЕМЯ.

THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE

Present Continuous образуется с помощью глагола "to be" в Present Simple (am, is, are) и причастия настоящего времени (Present Participle) смыслового глагола (going):

I am going, he is taking/, they are giving.

Глаголы в Present Progressive обычно переводятся на русский язык глаголами несовершенного вида в настоящем времени.

Спряжение глаголов в Present Progressive

+

Person

Number

Singular

Plural

1

I am reading

We are reading

2

You are reading

You are reading

3

He ( she, It) Is reading

They are reading

?

Person

Number

Singular

Plural

1

Am I reading

Are we reading

2

Are you reading

Are you reading

3

Is he ( she, It) reading

Are they reading

Краткие ответы на вопросы в Present Progressive строятся при помощи слов "yes" или "no", соответствующего личного местоимения в именительном падеже и вспомогательного глагола "to be" в нужной форме :

Yes, I am. No, he isn't.

Number

Singular

Plural

1

I am not reading

We are not reading

2

You are not reading

You are not reading

3

He ( she, It) is not reading

They are not reading

Форма вспомогательного глагола "to be" может быть в краткой слитной форме либо с предшествующим подлежащим, выраженным личным местоимением, либо с отрицательной частицей 'not":

I 'm not reading.

He's not reading.

She isn't reading.

You're not reading.

They aren't reading.

Употребление Present Progressive

The Use of the Present Progressive Tense

Present Progressive употребляется:

1. Для выражения длительного действия, происходящего в момент речи или в определенный момент в настоящем (обычно с наречием "now"):

Не is reading a book now.

Не is working at the Institute.

Примечание: Глаголы чувства и восприятия (to see, to understand, to know, to notice, to remember, forget, to recognize, to love, to like, to hate, to want, to wish, to seem) не употребляются в Present Continuous, а только в Present Simple:

You are speaking English so quickly now

I don't understand you.

2. Для выражения длительного действия, которое началось до момента речи и все еще продолжается (обычно с наречием "still" - все еще):

Не is still sleeping.

Не is still studying English.

3. Для выражения длительного действия в настоящем, происходящего одновременно с другим настоящим длительным действием, (введенным союзом "while" (в то время как, пока):

While he is reading a book, I'm writing a letter.

4. Для выражения будущего запланированного действия с глаголами движения (to go, to leave for, to start for, to arrive in\ at, to move, to come):

I am leaving for London tomorrow.

5. Для выражения регулярно повторяющегося действия в настоящем с отрицательной эмоциональной окраской ( с наречиями always, ever - вечно, constantly):

You are at ways coming late.

Ex.1 Прочитайте и переведите

а) I`m reading a book.

He`s playing chess with Ben.

We`re watching TV.

b) I`m not reading a book.

He isn`t playing chess with Ben.

They aren`t watching TV.

c) «Are you reading a book?» «Yes, I am.» «No, I`m not»

«Is he playing chess with Ben?» «Yes, he is.» «No, he isn`t.»

«Are they watching TV? » «Yes, they are.» «No, they aren`t.»

Ex.2 Прочитайте диалоги. Замените выделенные слова словами, данными в скобках. Воспроизведите диалоги

1. A: Is Pete asking questions?

B: No, he isn`t.

A: What`s he doing?

B: He`s answering questions.

(B: reading the new text, doing his lessons)

2. A: Is Ben at home now?

B: Yes, he is.

A: What`s he doing?

B: He`s playing chess with Bill.

(B: reading a French book, watching TV)

3. A: Are Ann and Helen watching TV now?

B: No, they aren`t.

A: What are they doing?

B: They`re doing sums.

(B: playing chess, writing sentences, answering questions)

4. A: Is Nick opening or closing his notebook?

B: He`s closing it.

(A: the door, his book)

5. A: Is Mike doing sums or watching TV?

B: He`s watching TV.

(A, B: playing chess, reading a book)

Ex.3 Ответьте на вопросы, используя образец

Are they watching TV? (to play chess)

No, they aren`t. They`re playing chess.

1. Is he opening the door? (to close the door) 2. Is asking questions? (to answer questions) 3. Is Ann eating an apple? (to eat salad) 4. Are they reading text 3? (to read text 4) 5. Are you doing sums? (to read a French book) 6. Are they having dinner? (to have supper) 7. Are they having ice- cream? (to have coffee)

Ex.4 Ответьте на следующие альтернативные вопросы. В ответах употребите выделенную часть вопроса

1. Is Peter opening or closing his book? 2. Is she reading text 3 or text 4? 3. Is Peter reading a newspaper or a book? 4. Are they having coffee or ice-cream? 5. Are they watching TV or playing chess? 6. Is she giving a pen to Ann or to Mary? 7. Is that a brown or a yellow sweater? 8. Is Mary a teacher or a doctor? 9. Is Nick at school or at home?

Ex.5 Соедините два общих вопроса в альтернативный вопрос по следующему образцу

Is this a green pencil? Is this a black pencil?

Is this a green or a black pencil?

1. Is Jack a pupil? Is Jack a student? 2. Is that hat grey? Is that hat dark blue? 3. Are those books thin? Are those books thick? 4. Are they at home? Are they at school? 5. Is Jack doing sums? Is Jack watching TV? 6. Are they having breakfast? Are they having dinner?

Ex.6 Раскройте скобки, поставьте глагол в Present Progressive

1. You (learn) English now.

2. You (not swim) now.

3. I (not stand). I (sit).

4. They (not watch) television. They (read) their books.

5. What you (do)? Why you (not do) your homework?

6. I (not study) to become a dentist. I (study) to become a doctor.

7. I (read) the book Tom Sawyer now.

8. I (not read) any books right now.

9. You (work) at school.

10. I (meet) some friends after work.

11. I (not go) to the party tonight.

12. He (visit) his parents next weekend.

Ex.7 Раскройте скобки, выбрав Present Simple или Present Progressive

1. Every day Julie (take) the bus to go to her office.

2. At the moment you (do) an English exercise.

3. Tom and Julie (learn) English this year.

4. The Bank (open) at 9.30 every morning from Monday to Friday.

5. Our cousins (come) to see us next Sunday.

6. Tom (read) the newspaper every morning on the train.

7. Julie usually (clean) the house on Saturdays.

8. She (write) a letter to a client now.

9. Julie (speak) three languages: English, French and Spanish.

10. Today is Sunday. Tom and Julie (work) in their garden.

Ex.8 Составьте предложения из следующих слов:

1. bad cat is hiding the under the;

2. pupil he is new speaking the to;

3. are crying you why?

4. a jacket wearing not I am;

5. are going not to work you?

6. again is my Pamela using textbook?

7. the today in helping is house mother Bruce his;

8. Bruce the at not working factory is;

9. you are news the watching?

10. TV not are a we watching movie on.

ПРОШЕДШЕЕ ПРОДОЛЖЕННОЕ ВРЕМЯ.

THE PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE

Past Progressive образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола "to be" в Past Simple (was, were): и причастия настоящего времени ( Present Participle) смыслового глагола (reading) :

I was reading, they were reading.

Глаголы в Past Continuous обычно переводятся на русский язык глаголом несовершенного вида в прошедшем времени.

Спряжение глаголов в Past Progressive

+

Person

Number

Singular

Plural

1

I was reading

We were reading

2

You were reading

You were reading

3

He ( she, It) was reading

They were reading

?

Person

Number

Singular

Plural

1

Was I reading?

Were we reading?

2

Were you reading?

Were you reading?

3

Was he ( she, It) reading?

Were they reading?

Краткие утвердительные и отрицательные ответы строятся с помощью вспомогательных глаголов "was, were" в соответствующей (отрицательной или вспомогательной форме) :

Yes, I was.

No, he was not ( or wasn`t)

-

Person

Number

Singular

Plural

1

I was not reading

We were not reading

2

You were not reading

You were not reading

3

He ( she, It) was not reading

They were not reading

Употребление Past Progressive

The Use of the Past Progressive Tense

Past Progressive употребляется:

1. Для выражения действия, которое происходило в определенный момент в прошлом. Этот момент может быть выражен наречием |времени (then, at 7 o'clock, at 7 o'clock, yesterday, from 2 till 3 o'clock yesterday, at that time) или обстоятельственным придаточным предложением времени, в котором глагол обычно употребляется , в Past Simple (when he entered the room):

_{My mother was making tea}

at that time

when he entered the room

2. Для выражения действия, которое совершалось в течении длительного периода времени в прошлом:

Were you making your dress all day yesterday?

3. Для выражения действия, которое совершалось в прошлом параллельно другому действию в развитии (обычно после союзов
"while, when, so"):

While Mary was writing sentences

on the blackboard, we were making up dialogues.

4. Для выражения регулярно повторяющегося действия в прошлом с отрицательной эмоциональной окраской (с наречиями always, ever, constantly):

You were always coming home late.

Ex.9 Раскройте скобки, поставьте глагол в Past Progressive

1. I (study) when she called.

2. While I (study), she called.

3. I (watch) TV when she called.

4. When the phone rang, she (write) a letter.

5. While we (have) a picnic, it started to rain.

6. Sally (work) when Joe had the car accident.

7. While John (sleep) last night, someone stole his car.

8. Last night at 6 p.m., I (eat) dinner.

9. I (study) while he (make) dinner.

10. While Helen (read), Tim (watch) television.

11. They (eat) dinner, (discuss) their plans and (have) a good time.

Ex.10 Раскройте скобки, выбрав Past Simple или Past Progressive

1. When her husband (come) home, Anne (watch) television.

2. I (prepare) dinner when the telephone (ring).

3. What (you do) yesterday at 10 p.m.?

4. Julie (learn) to drive when she (work) in London.

5. Where (you sit) when the show (begin)?

6. I (visit) Athens while I (tour) Greece.

7. John (fall) down when he (cross) the street.

8. What (you see) while you (wait) for the bus?

9. Where (you go) when your car (break) down?

10. Julie (meet) Peter when she (walk) in the park.

Ex.11 Ответьте на вопросы по образцу

1. What was Mary doing when the phone rang? (to watch TV)

Mary was watching TV when the phone rang.

1. What was Peter doing when his brother came from school? (to have lunch) 2. What was Ann doing when you came to see her? (to translate a story into Russian) 3. What were Pete and John doing while Jim was reading a book? (to play chess) 4. What was Max doing when Peter saw him? (to buy tickets for the cup game) 5. What were they doing at 11:00 yesterday? (to have an English class) 6. What was he doing at 9:00 yesterday morning? (to give a lecture on Mark Twain) 7. What was Mr. Smith doing at 10:00 yesterday morning? (to have an appointment)

b) Was he leaving the office when you saw him?

No, he wasn't leaving, he was just going to.

1. Was Jane playing football when you came home? 2. Were the children playing football when you saw them? 3. Was Mary opening the window when you came into the room? 4. Were they discussing the story when you come into the classroom? 5. Were they watching a hockey match on TV when you came home? 6. Were they having supper when you came home last night?

Ex.12 Переведите на английский язык

1. В то время как родители играли в шахматы, дети играли в футбол. 2. Я примеряла черные туфли, когда моя сестра вошла в магазин. 3. Вчера 4 часа дня я делала задание по английскому языку. 4. Питер решил задачи, когда один из его друзей позвонили ему. 5. Шел снег, когда мы ехали в аэропорт вчера. 6.Солнце светило ярко, когда он проснулся. 7. Мы ужинали, когда мой старший брат пришёл из университета. 8. вчера в 8 часов они обсуждали планы на летний отпуск. 9. Петр просматривал журнал, в то время как сын и дочь смотрели телепередачу. 10. Когда Джон возвращался домой, он встретил Билла.

БУДУЩЕЕ ПРОДОЛЖЕННОЕ ВРЕМЯ.

THE FUTURE PROGRESSIVE TENSE

Future Progressive образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола "to be" во Future Simple (shall be, will be) и причастия настоящего времени (Present Participle) смыслового глагола (reading):

I shall be reading, they will be reading.

Спряжение глаголов во Future Progressive Tense

+

Person

Number

Singular

Plural

1

I shall be reading

We shall be reading

2

You will be reading

You will be reading

3

He (she, it) will be reading.

They will be reading

?

Person

Number

Singular

Plural

1

Shall I be reading?

Shall we be reading?

2

Will you be reading?

Will you be reading?

3

Will he (she, it) be reading?

Will they be reading?

Краткие утвердительные и отрицательные ответы, во Future Progressive строятся с помощью вспомогательных глаголов shall, willl в соответствующей (утвердительной или отрицательной) форме:
Yes, we shall. No, they will not (or won't).

-

Person

Number

Singular

Plural

1

I shall not be reading

We shall not be reading

2

You will not be reading

You will not be reading

3

He (she, it) will not be reading

They will not be reading

Употребление Future Progressive

The Use of the Future Progressive Tense

Future Progressive употребляется:

1/ Для выражения действия, которое будет происходить в определенный момент в будущем. Этот момент может быть выражен наречием времени (at this time, at 5 o'clock tomorrow, then, и т.д.) иди обстоятельственным придаточным предложением времени, в котором глагол употребляется во времени Present Simple (when you return):

The students will be writing a test

at that time

when you return

2. Для выражения длительного действия в будущем, которое будет происходить одновременно с другим длительным действием в будущем (обычно после союзов "while, when"):

He will be writing letters

while I am cooking (буду говорить)

when I am having a rest (буду отдыхать)

Примечание: После союзов "while, when" действие в будущем выражается глаголом во времени Present Progressive

Ex.1. Переведите предложения на русский язык

1. I'll be seeing him tomorrow.

2. He won't be coming to see us tomorrow evening.

3. What will you be doing if I come at seven?

4. Will you be hurrying home after classes?

5. We will be having our French at 10 o'clock tomorrow.

Ex.14 Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы

1. He'll be waiting for you at six in the evening.

2. They will be having dinner at that time.

3. We'll be discussing this question tomorrow morning.

4. They'll be going for a walk tomorrow evening.

5. I'll be meeting my old friends in Kiev soon.

Литература

1. Агабекян И.П. Английский для ССУЗОВ. Учебное пособие.- Москва: Проспект, 2007. - 278 с.

2. Кузовлёва В.П., Лапа Н.М.. Перегудова Э.Ш.и др.Английский язык (базовый уровень). Учебное пособие для 10-11 класса. Москва: Просвещение, 2008.

3. Афанасьева О.В.Михеева И.В.Английский язык (профильный уровень) учебное пособие для 10-11 класса. Москва: Просвещение, 2008.

4. Шахназарова В.С. Практический курс английского языка. Учебное пособие - Москва: Вече, 1998. - 463 с.