Учебное пособие «Деньги. Валюта»

Министерство образования и науки Краснодарского края

Государственное бюджетное профессиональное образовательное учреждение Краснодарского края "Краснодарский торгово-экономический колледж"

Фоменко Е.А.

«Деньги. Валюта»

Учебное пособие

Краснодар, 2014

Составитель - Фоменко Е.А., преподаватель английского языка ГБПОУ КК «КТЭК»

Рецензент - Снежко Н.И., кандидат филологических наук, преподаватель английского языка Краснодарской государственной академии культуры и искусств

Настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для студентов специальности 38.02.01 Экономика и бухгалтерский учет по отраслям при изучении Раздела 3 «Введение в деловой английский» (см. Рабочую программу). В учебном пособии рассматривается содержание Темы 3.2. «Деньги. Валюта»: Из истории возникновения денег. Национальные валюты: английский фунт стерлингов, американский доллар. Национальные валюты: евро, российский рубль. Проблема подделки денег. Методы защиты банкнот. Обмен денег. Языковые клише. Понятия «инфляция», «дефляция», «девальвация» валюты.

Представленное учебное пособие рассчитано на 8 аудиторных часов (согласно Рабочей программы) и содержит тексты, лексико-грамматические задания, вопросы для самоконтроля и тестовые задания для самопроверки (Progressive Test), дополнительный материал для студентов.

Цель настоящего учебного пособия - помочь студентам сформировать навыки чтения и перевода при изучении данной темы.

Утверждено на заседании цикловой методической комиссии

гуманитарных и социально-экономических дисциплин

№ __ от _____________ 2014 г.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Введение

4

1. Текст 1 «Из истории денег»

5

2. Дополнительный материал «Это интересно»

10

3. Текст 2 «Английские банкноты и монеты»

12

4. Grammar revision

17

5. Дополнительный материал «Это интересно»

21

6. Текст 3 «Американские деньги»

22

7. Grammar revision

27

8. Дополнительный материал «Это интересно»

29

9. Текст 4 «Национальная валюта: евро»

30

10. Текст 5 «Национальная валюта: российский рубль»

33

11. Текст 6 «Обмен денег»

35

12. Grammar revision

37

13. Текст 7 «Проблема подделки денег. Методы защиты банкнот».

40

Заключение

44

Литература

49

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Целью написания данного учебного пособия послужило отсутствие единого учебного и дидактического материала при изучении Раздела 3 «Введение в деловой английский» (см. Рабочую программу). В учебном пособии рассматривается содержание Темы 3.2. «Деньги. Валюта»: Из истории возникновения денег. Национальные валюты: английский фунт стерлингов, аме-риканский доллар. Национальные валюты: евро, российский рубль. Проблема подделки денег. Методы защиты банкнот. Обмен денег. Языковые клише. Понятия «инфляция», «дефляция», «девальвация» валюты.

Представленное учебное пособие рассчитано на 8 аудитор-ных часов (согласно Рабочей программы) и содержит тексты, лек-сико-грамматические задания, вопросы для самоконтроля и тесто-вые задания для самопроверки (Progressive Test), дополнительный материал для студентов.

Настоящее учебное пособие призвано помочь студентам сформировать навыки чтения и перевода при изучении данной те-мы, а преподавателям иметь в наличии готовый УМК: тексты, лексический и грамматический материал, разноуровневые задания и упражнения по данной теме.

Texts

1 Glimpses of history of money

2 English banknotes and coins

3 American money

4 The Euro

5 The Russian Ruble

6 Changing money over the counter

7 Counterfeiting

Grammar 1 Продолженные времена в пассивном залоге

Revision 2 The construction it was ...who/that...

3 Числительные 1-100

UNIT 3. INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS ENGLISH.

TOPIC: 3.2. MONEY. CURRENCY.

TEXT 1: GLIMPSES OF HISTORY OF MONEY

At different periods of time and in different parts of the world many different commodities have served as money.

These commodities were: cattle, sheep, furs, leather, fish, tobacco, tea, salt, shells etc. The illustration shows shell money used by early settlers in North America. The shells were threaded into strings or belts called wampum*. The experts underline that to serve effectively as money; a commodity should be fairly durable, easily divisible, and portable. None of the above-mentioned commodities possessed all these qualities, and in time they were superseded by precious metals.

First they were superseded by silver and later by gold. When a payment was made the metal was first weighed out. The next stage was the cutting of the metal into pieces of definite weight and so coins came into use.

Paper money first came into use in the form of receipts given by goldsmiths in exchange for deposits of silver and gold coins. After goldsmiths became bankers their receipts became banknotes. That's how the first banknotes came into existence.

At first coins were worth their face value as metal. But later token coins of limited value as legal tender were issued. Now smaller denomination coins are made from bronze and are often referred to as coppers. Bigger denomination coins are made from cupronickel and are usually called silvers or silver.

Vocabulary

glimpse

[glimps]

быстрый взгляд

glimpses of history

немного об истории

to serve

служить, использоваться

to serve as smth

служить, использоваться в качестве чего-либо

fur

мех

leather

[]

кожа

shell

ракушка

settler

поселенец

to thread

нанизывать

to underline

to stress

to emphasise

[]

подчеркивать, выделять

divisible

[di'vizibl]

делимый

portable

портативный, компактный

above-mentioned

вышеуказанный

quality

['kwoliti]

качество, свойство

to supersede

[]

замещать

precious

[]

драгоценный, благородный

precious metal

драгоценный металл

to weigh

[wei]

весить, взвешивать

to weigh out

взвешивать

weight

[weit]

вес

piece

[pi:s]

кусок

to cut into pieces

резать на куски

receipt

квитанция, расписка

goldsmith

[]

ювелир

existence

существование

to come into existence

возникнуть, появиться

worth

[]

цена, стоимость

to be worth face value

иметь такую же стоимость, как нарицательная цена

token

знак, символ

token coin

[]

разменная монета

EXERCISES

1. Insert the correct prepositions:

... different periods ... time

... different parts ... the world

in time they were superseded…

precious metals

they were superseded ...

either gold or silver

to cut the metal ... pieces

these coins were made ... bronze

they are often referred ...

as coppers

so coins came ... use

then paper money came ... use

in exchange ... deposits

thus they came ... existence

none ... the commodities

some ... the goods

2. Make sentences from the following elements:

In the past

At present

many different commodities

cattle, sheep, furs, tea etc

silver and gold

paper banknotes and coins

goldsmiths' receipts

serve

served

as money

3. Find the answers in the text:

• What are the requirements of a commodity to serve as money?

• Why did precious metals start to serve as money?

• What precious metal was used first to serve as money?

• How did coins come into existence?

• How did paper banknotes come into existence?

• What coins are called silvers?

• What are coppers?

4. Complete the sentences with the following words:

coin, metal, banknote, payment, bronze, coppers, silvers, denomination, cupronickel

1. At first coins were worth their face value as ...

2. When a ... was made the ... was first weighed out.

3. This ... is 10 pence worth.

4. This ... is 10 dollars worth.

5. Now smaller denomination coins are made from ... and are often referred to as ...

6. Bigger... coins are made from ... and are usually called ...

5. Sum up what the text says about:

the money in the past

the way banknotes appeared

the metals of which coins were and are made

the silvers and coppers.

IT'S INTERESTING…

* Wampum is traditional shell beads of the Eastern Woodlands tribes of the indigenous people of North America. Wampum include the white shell beads fashioned from the North Atlantic channeled whelk shell; and the white and purple beads made from the quahog, or Western North Atlantic hard-shelled clam.

Wampum were used as money by the Native Americans, and were kept on strings like Chinese cash. European colonists adopted wampum as their own currency; however, the Europeans' more efficient production of wampum caused inflation and ultimately the obsolescence of wampum as currency. The slang phrases "clams" and "shelling out" come from wampum.

ЭТО ИНТЕРЕСНО …

Ва́мпум - нанизанные на шнуры цилиндрические бусины из раковин, служившие североамериканским индейцам для различных целей.

Эти пояса у алгонкинов и особенно у ирокезов имели ряд особых функций: они были украшением одежды, служили валютной единицей, а главное - с их помощью передавались разные важные сообщения. Такие вампумы у ирокезских племён обычно доставляли особые гонцы - вампумоносцы. Развитие вампумовых записей, по всей вероятности, привело бы к созданию и развитию у североамериканских индейцев письма. Исключительно посредством вампумов долгое время оформлялись договоры между белыми и индейцами. Сохранился «записанный» договор о союзе между знаменитым Пенном (основателем Пенсильвании) и квакерами, с одной стороны, и делаварами - с другой как залог мира и дружбы белых и индейцев. Согласно этому договору делавары уступали квакерам довольно обширную часть территории своего племени. На этом вампуме изображён индеец и белый, символически держащиеся за руки.

Вампум Пенна

Однако вампумы служили не только для передачи сообщений и заключения договоров. Простейшими условными символами на них обозначались и наиболее важные события из истории племени. По этим «записям» старики, владеющие искусством «чтения» вампумов, знакомили новые поколения воинов с племенными традициями. Насколько важным считалось такое составление и чтение вампумов у некоторых алгонкинских и ирокезских племён североамериканского востока, лучше всего иллюстрирует тот факт, что имя легендарного Гайаваты (создателя наиболее значительного союза североамериканских индейцев - Лиги ирокезов) буквально означает «Тот, кто составляет вампумы».

Вскоре после появления белых торговцев индейцы перестали делать вампумы из простых ракушек и начали широко применять стеклянные бусинки, привозимые в Америку из северной Чехии.

TEXT 2 ENGLISH BANKNOTES AND COINS

The official currency of the United Kingdom is still keeping the pound sterling but the possibility of joining the euro is being widely debated.

The pound sterling is equal to one hundred pence.

English banknotes are issued by the Bank of England. As to coins they are minted also by this state bank.

There are banknotes of the following denominations:

£1

£20

£5

£50

£10

£100

The following coins are in circulation:

halfpenny

one penny

two pence

five pence

ten pence

fifty pence

On the face of English banknotes one can read the denomination given both in figures and in words.

Then the inscription on the face of the banknote reads:

I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of...

And then there are two signatures. The first signature is that of the person authorized by the Government and the Bank of England. The second signature is that of the Chief Cashier.

The backs of English banknotes, like many other banknotes, feature portraits of different famous people.

■ The one pound banknote, for example, features Isaac Newton (1642-1727), a well-known English scientist who made a few very important discoveries including gravitation law.

■ The back of the five pound note portrays the, Duke of Wellington - (1769-1852), a famous Irish general who defeated Napoleon at Waterloo, Belgium in 1815.

■ On the back of the ten pound note one can see Florence Nightingale (1820-1910), founder of the nursing profession. She volunteered as a nurse to Turkey to take care of the wounded soldiers from Crimean War, war of England and France versus Russia.

■ On the back of the twenty pound banknote features William Shakespeare (1564-1616), the greatest playwright of all time.

■ Here is the face and the back of £100:

Vocabulary

currency

[]

валюта

equal

[]

равный

to be equal to smth

быть равным чему-либо

to mint

чеканить

denomination

достоинство, номинал

circulation

[]

обращение

to be in circulation

быть в обращении

face

лицевая сторона

on the face

на лицевой стороне

inscription

[]

надпись

to promise

обещать

bearer

[]

предъявитель

to bear (bore, borne)

нести

demand

требование

on demand

по требованию

signature

подпись

to authorize

[]

уполномочивать

cashier

[]

кассир

Chief Cashier

Главный кассир (важный

административный пост в Банке Англии)

to feature

[]

показывать, помещать

scientist

['saiantist]

ученый

discovery

[]

открытие

gravitation

притяжение, тяготение

gravitation law

закон тяготения

centre of gravity

центр тяжести

duke

герцог

to defeat smb

[di'fi:t]

наносить поражение к-л

to found

основывать

founder

основатель

to volunteer

[]

поступить добровольно

to take care

заботиться

wound

[wund]

рана

wounded soldier

раненый солдат

playwright

['pleirait]

драматург

Grammar Revision 1: Продолженные времена в пассивном залоге (Continuous Tenses, Passive)

Present Continuous, Passive

I am being interviewed.

You are being interviewed.

He/She is being interviewed.

We are being interviewed.

You are being interviewed.

They are being interviewed.

I am not being interviewed.

You are not being interviewed.

He/She is not being interviewed.

We are not being interviewed.

You are not being interviewed.

They are not being interviewed

Are you being interviewed?

Is he/she being interviewed?

Are you being interviewed?

Are they being interviewed?

Yes, I am.

No, I am not.

Yes, he/she is.

No, he/she is not.

Yes, we are.

No, we are not.

Yes, they are.

No, they are not.

Past Continuous, Passive

I was being interviewed.

You were being interviewed.

He/She was being interviewed.

We were being interviewed.

You were being interviewed.

They were being interviewed.

I was not being interviewed.

You were not being interviewed.

He/She was not being interviewed.

We were not being interviewed. You were not being interviewed.

They were not being interviewed.

Were you being interviewed?

Was he/she being interviewed?

Were you being interviewed?

Were they being intended?

Yes, I was.

No, I was not.

Yes, he/she was.

No, he/she was not

Yes, we were.

No, we were not.

Yes, they were.

No, they were not.

1. Present и Past Continuous, Passive, как и все Continuous Tenses, выражают действия, происходящие в определенный момент или период. И как все времена в пассивном залоге они выражают действия, направленные на лицо или предмет, указанные подлежащим предложения.

2. Future Continuous, Passive практически не употребляется.

3. Present и Past Continuous, Passive образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be в Present или Past Continuous и причастия прошедшего времени смыслового глагола.

4. На русский язык глаголы в Present и Past Continuous, Passive переводятся с помощью неопределенно-личных предложений или глаголов в страдательном залоге:

My friend is being interviewed.

An exhibition was being held in that building when the workers started the reconstruction.

Сейчас интервьюируют моего друга.

В здании проводили какую-то выставку, когда рабочие начали реконструкцию.

EXERCISES

1 Underline the Predicates read and translate the sentences:

1. New coins are being minted in this country now.

2. Where are these banknotes being printed?

3. A new daughter company was being founded when he visited Newall Ltd. last year.

4. Are these products being widely sold throughout the world?

5. This product is being launched on the Russian market.

6. A very good exhibition is being held in Novosibirsk.

2 Find the equivalents in the text:

(1) Что же касается монет, то они …

(2) На лицевой стороне можно увидеть …

(3) На лицевой стороне написано …

(4) Первая подпись - это лица, уполномоченного правительством.

(5) На оборотной стороне английских банкнот, как и у многих других банкнот …

(6) На оборотной стороне изображен …

(7) Банкноты достоинством один фунт …

3 Find the answers to the following questions in the text:

(1) What is the official currency of the UK?

(2) What is the smallest unit?

(3) How many pence are there in one pound?

(4) What banknotes and coins are in circulation in the UK now?

(5) Who issues banknotes and mints coins in the UK?

(6) What famous people are featured on the back of various English banknotes?

4 Complete these sentences with the following words:

banknote, bearer, words, inscription, denomination, signature, Bank of England, Chief Cashier

(1) On the face of English banknotes one can read the …

(2) The ... is given both in figures and in …

(3) The ... on the face of the … reads: I promise to pay the … on demand fifty Pounds.

(4) The first ... is that of the person authorized by the Government and the …

(5) The second signature is that of the...

5 Sum up what the text says about:

the UK currency

English coins

the backs of English banknotes

the face of English banknotes

6 Have a look at a banknote (coin) which is in circulation now in Russia and say a few words about:

its denomination

its issuer

inscriptions, if any

portraits, if any

flags, if any

other pictures

7 Imagine you are speaking with an Englishman (or any other foreigner) about money. Compare two banknotes (coins) of the two countries. Act out this dialogue.

monetary unit

monetary agreement

monetary policy

International Monetary Fund

cheap money

dear money

easy money

hot money

ready money

moneys

money in cash

money market

money rate

money-box

money-changer

money-order

денежная единица

валютное соглашение

денежно-кредитная политика

Международный валютный фонд

дешевые деньги, деньги с низкой покупательной способностью*

дорогие деньги, деньги с высокой стоимостью займов*

легкие деньги, деньги при избыточном предложении кредита*

горячие деньги, большие массы краткосрочных капиталов*

деньги, которые могут быть выплачены сразу*

денежные суммы, валюты, монетные системы

наличные деньги

валютный рынок, рынок краткосрочных операций

ссудный процент

копилка

меняла

почтовый денежный перевод

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The name pound sterling appeared in the 12th century and meant pound of money as equaled on weight and at cost to pound of silver coins, sterling. And the very first coin is rapped out in 1489, before the discovery of America Columbus.

TEXT 3: AMERICAN MONEY

The American dollar is subdivided into one hundred cents.

The dollars are issued by the Federal Reserve System, established by Congress in 1913.

Here is the text on the face of an American ten dollar banknote:

• ten dollars

• Federal Reserve Note

• The United States of America

• This note is legal tender for all debts public and private

• Washington D. C.

• Treasurer of the United States

• Secretary of the Treasury

On the face of American dollars one can also see the portraits of the following famous persons:

• George Washington (1732-1799), the first President of the United States of America, who gave his name to the capital of the country. George Washington became the first President after the successful war of 13 British colonies for independence. After they won the war they formed 13 states and united to make the United States of America. Thus Independence was proclaimed on July 4, 1776.

• Thomas Jefferson (1743 - 1826) was an American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and the third President of the United States (1801-1809). He was a spokesman for democracy, and embraced the principles of republicanism and the rights of the individual with worldwide influence. At the beginning of the American Revolution, he served in the Continental Congress, representing Virginia, and then served as a war time Governor of Virginia (1779-1781). In May 1785, he became the United States Minister to France and later the first United States Secretary of State (1790-1793) serving under President George Washington.

• Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), who was President from 1861 to 1865 after the war between the northern and southern states. It was he who proclaimed freedom of slaves of the south.

• Alexander Hamilton (1755-1804), a famous American statesman, who fought in the Independence War together with general George Washington. Later he became the first Secretary of the Treasury.

• Andrew Jackson (1767-1845), who was President of the USA from 1829 to 1837, when Texas won independence from Mexico.

• Ulysses Grant (1822-1885), who was President of the USA from 1869 to 1877 when the Centennial Exposition was held in Philadelphia.

• Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790), a very popular public figure, writer, diplomat and scientist. It was he who invented bifocal spectacles among many other things.

On the back of banknotes various famous buildings are featured, such as:

• Lincoln Monument, one of the monuments in Washington

• US Treasury Building, in Washington

• White House, house of every President, except George Washington, who only planned the capital of the USA.

• US Capitol, which houses the Senate and the House of Representatives

• Independence Hall, in Philadelphia, where Independence of the 13 British colonies was proclaimed.

All the banknotes bear the words: In God We Trust.

Vocabulary

to subdivide

[]

подразделять(ся)

to be subdivided into

подразделяться на

legal tender

законное платежное средство

treasure

[]

казна, сокровище

treasurer

[]

казначей

treasury

[]

Казначейство, Министерство финансов

to proclaim

[pro'kleim]

провозглашать

to proclaim freedom

провозгласить свободу

to proclaim independence

провозгласить независимость

success

[sлk'ses]

успех

successful

успешный

to win (won, won)

побеждать, выигрывать

to win the day

одержать победу

slave

раб

statesman

государственный деятель

to fight (fought, fought)

[fait, fo:t]

бороться

exposition

exhibition

выставка

to hold (held, held)

иметь силу (о законе); придерживаться (мнения)

monument

памятник, монумент

Grammar Revision 2: The construction it was … who/that …

It was he who proclaimed freedom of slaves of the South. Именно он объявил свободу рабам Юга.

It is the banknote that I want to have another look at. Я хочу еще раз посмотреть именно на эту банкноту.

It was on Sunday that I saw this film, Именно в воскресенье я видел этот фильм.

It was in London that they met for the first time, В Лондоне, да в Лондоне, они встретились впервые.

EXERCISES

1 Translate into English:

1. Именно он стал первым президентом страны.

2. Это его портрет изображен на оборотной стороне этой банкноты.

3. Именно в 1999 г. большинство стран Евросоюза перешли на евро.

4. В этой, да именно в этой стране началось производство стали.

5. Именно в Лондоне в 1851 г. проводилась первая всемирная выставка.

2 Choose the correct voice form of the Verb given in brackets:

(1) The American dollar (subdivides, is subdivided) into 100 cents,

(2) The English pound (subdivides, is subdivided) into 100 pence.

(3) The dollar (issues, is issued) by the Federal Reserve System.

(4) On the back of many American banknotes various famous buildings (featured, are featured).

(5) All the banknotes (bear, are borne) the words «In God We Trust»,

(6) The Federal Reserve System (established, was established) by Congress in 1913.

(7) Independence of the States (proclaimed, was proclaimed) on July 4, 1776.

(8) It was Abraham Lincoln who (proclaimed, was proclaimed) freedom of slaves.

3 Translate the inscriptions on the face and on the back of an American dollar note into Russian.

4 Sum up what the text says about:

the issuer of American dollar notes

the famous buildings on the back

the inscription on the face

American coins

5 Write what you know about the famous persons, whose portraits are featured on the face of American dollars:

George Washington

Abraham Lincoln

6 Imagine you are talking to an American. Exchange coins as souvenirs. And say a few words about the Russian coin. Act out this dialogue.

IT'S INTERESTING …

History of the Dollar of United States

Dollar comes from the word "Yoahimstaler" the name of the coin of the XVI century, which was made near silver mine in Yahymiv in Chech Republic. "Yaihimstaler" means "hill of Yahymiv". Later the word "Yoahimstaler" was shortened to "taller" and dutchmen changed it into a "doller". Englishmen turned it into "dollar". In America Spanish coin of 8 reals was called a dollar. Government of the USA introduced American money in 1785 and dollar became the main currency. The first dollars in the USA started to produce in 1794.

1794

History of the symbol of Dollar of United States

The symbol $, usually written before the numerical amount, is used for the U.S. dollar. The sign was the result of a late 18th-century evolution of the scribal abbreviation "PS" for the peso.

Another popular explanation is that it comes from the Pillars of Hercules on the Spanish Coat of arms on the Spanish. These Pillars of Hercules on the silver Spanish dollar coins take the form of two vertical bars and a swinging cloth band in the shape of an "S".

Yet another fictional explanation suggests that the dollar sign was formed from the capital letters U and S written or printed one on top of the other.

TEXT 4: THE EURO

The euro is the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union and is the official currency of the Eurozone, which consists of 18 of the 28 member states of the European Union.

The euro is the second largest reserve currency as well as the second most traded currency in the world after the United States dollar.

As of August 2014, with more than €995 billion in circulation, the euro has the highest combined value of banknotes and coins in circulation in the world, having surpassed the U.S. dollar.

Based on International Monetary Fund estimates of 2008 GDP and purchasing power parity among the various currencies, the Eurozone is the second largest economy in the world.

The new European Central Bank Headquarters under construction in Frankfurt, Germany. The ECB is in charge of the Eurozone's monetary policy.

The euro is divided into 100 cents. The coins are issued in €2, €1, 50c, 20c, 10c, 5c, 2c, and 1c denominations.

Each banknote has its own colour and is dedicated to an artistic period of European architecture. The front of the note features windows or gateways while the back has bridges, symbolising links between countries and with the future.

The design for the Euro banknotes has common designs on both sides. The design was created by the Austrian designer Robert Kalina. Notes are issued in €500, €200, €100, €50, €20, €10, €5

On the front side of each euro banknote depicts the gates and windows that symbolizes the spirit of openness. Also on the front are 12 stars - a symbol of harmony and dynamism of a united Europe.

On the reverse side is the Euro (on the reverse) shows the bridges, which symbolize the unity of European states.

For banknotes depict structures that represent different architectural styles (Romanesque, Classical, Gothic, Baroque and Rococo, Renaissance, Art Nouveau, "metal and glass"). Also on the reverse side of the banknote Euro together with bridges and shows a map of Europe.

All European banknotes are printed on paper made of pure cotton, so the touch data denominations differ significantly from ordinary paper.

All Euro banknotes have a hologram, and therefore its absence is considered the first evidence that this is a forged banknote Euro.

TEXT 5: THE RUSSIAN RUBLE

Basis of currency system of the Russian Federation - the Russian ruble introduced into circulation in 1993 and which replaced ruble of the USSR.

Last time rubles were modified in 2010 when changes were made to the image of some banknotes. Face values of Russian ruble happen:

• paper monetary units happen from 10 rubles to 5000 rubles;

• coins happen from 1 kopek to 50 kopeks and from 1 ruble to 10 rubles.

On the modern note of 100 rubles the capital of Russia - the city of Moscow is represented, namely on the face of the note Apollo with the horses, and on the back a panorama of Theatre Square with the same Bolshoi theater is represented. The banknote is executed on design of a banknote of Bank of Russia of a sample of 1995.

On the note of 500 rubles on the face the monument to Peter the Great, the sea river station of Arkhangelsk and a bark "Sedov" (the sailing ship) is represented. And on the reverse party - church of Solovetsky Monastery which isn't topped with domes, because of the fires 1923 and 1932.

Основа валютной системы Российской Федерации - российский рубль, введенный в обращение в 1993 г. и заменивший рубль СССР.

В последний раз рубли были модифицированы в 2010 году, когда были внесены изменения в изображение некоторых банкнот. Номиналы российского рубля бывают:

• бумажные денежные единицы бывают от 10 рублей до 5000 рублей;

• монеты бывают от 1 копейки до 50 копеек и от 1 рубля до 10 рублей.

На купюре в 100 рублей изображена столица России - город Москва, а именно на лицевой стороне купюры изображен Аполлон со своими лошадьми, а на оборотной стороне панорама Театральной площади с тем же Большим театром. Банкнота выполнена по дизайну банкноты Банка России образца 1995 г.

На купюре в 500 рублей на лицевой стороне изображен памятник Петру Великому, морской речной вокзал г. Архангельска и барк «Седов» (парусный корабль). А на оборотной стороне - церковь Соловецкого монастыря, которая не увенчана куполами, из-за пожаров 1923 и 1932 годов.

Now on the face discharged all coins denominations you can see the relief image of Saint George.

On the backs of coins it is specified the rate. The numbers and the inscriptions are displaced to the right of the centre.

On the face of these coins it is figured the double-headed eagle, over it you can see the inscription "Bank of Russia" in a circle. Underneath it is minted the inscription of 1, 2, 5 rubles. On the backs of coins the numbers with the rate of the coin are displaced to the left of the centre

TEXT 6: CHANGING MONEY OVER THE COUNTER

Selling and buying foreign currency for local currency is usually carried out in our country at bureaux de change, which are also referred to as exchange bureaux, exchange offices, or sometimes simply exchange.

In foreign countries the trade in money with customers is usually carried out at bureaux de change, at the bank counters or travel agents' offices.

The exchange rates for various currencies are determined by market forces and they change every day. The exchange rates for currencies sold and bought in bureaux de change, over the bank counters or of travel agents', are only valid regionally. For amounts in excess of a certain sum some- times special exchange rate is set.

Here is one of many dialogues that is taking place in a bureau de change in New York:

Customer:

Could you change dollars into English pounds sterling?

Cashier:

Certainly, sir. I'll just check the exchange rates. How much would you like to change?

Customer:

One thousand dollars. And what is the rate of exchange today?

Cashier:

One dollar to seventy five pence.

Customer:

And what rate can you offer for two thousand dollars?

Cashier:

One dollar to ninety pence.

Customer:

Oh, the difference is not very big. Change one thousand, please. Here is the money.

Cashier:

Thank you. May I have your passport for a moment please? We are always to write down the number of the customer's passport if we change one thousand dollars or more.

Customer:

Here it is. No problem.

Cashier:

Here is your passport. How would you like the money, sir?

Customer:

Oh, give it to me in hundred pound notes, please.

Cashier:

Good. One hundred, two hundred... seventy pounds, seventy five pounds.

Customer:

Thank you. Good morning.

Cashier:

Good morning, sir.

Vocabulary

counter

прилавок, стойка

over the counter

через стойку

at the counter

за стойкой

bureau фр.

pl. bureaux - мн.ч.

['bju'rou]

бюро (мн. число этого существительного образуется по правилам грамматики франц. яз.)

bureau de change

бюро обмена

to refer to smth as ...

называть что-либо (каким-либо словом)

to determine

[di'temin]

определять

market

рынок

market forces

силы, действующие на рынке

valid

действительный, имеющий силу

validity

действительность, срок действия, законность

excess

[ik'ses]

превышение

in excess of 20 kgs

сверх 20 кг

Luggage in excess of 20 kgs is usually charged extra.

За провоз багажа сверх 20 кг обычно взимается дополнительная плата

Grammar Revision 3: Числительные (Numerals) 1-100

Количественные числительные

Cardinal Numerals

Количественные числительные

Cardinal Numerals

1

one

11

eleven

1^st

first

2

two

12

twelve

2nd

second

3

three

13

thirteen

3rd

third

4

four

14

fourteen

4th

fourth

5

five

15

fifteen

5th

fifth

6

six

20

twenty

6th

sixth

7

seven

21

twenty one

7th

seventh

8

eight

30

thirty

8^th

eighth

9

nine

40

forty

9th

ninth

10

ten

50

fifty

10^th

tenth

60

sixty

100

a/one hundred

Exercises

15 Read and translate into Russian:

20 kgs a hundred dollars

40 tons a hundred dollar note

18 m hundred dollar notes

£ 15 one dollar notes

80 p hundreds of dollars

70 с thousands of pounds

CanD50 3 million pounds

AustrDlOO a 25 pence coin

NZP68 25 pence coins

16 Translate into English and read:

два обменных пункта восемь стодолларовых банкнот

три стойки четыре монеты по 50 центов

100 евро банкноты по 20 фунтов

сотни долларов пять банкнот по 20 евро

несколько сотен фунтов пять монет по 2 рубля и три мо-

много сотен фунтов монеты по 5 рублей

17 Read the following sentences paying attention to the intonation:

(1) 'Could you 'change 'dollars into 'English pounds?

(2) 'May I 'have your 'passport for a `moment please?

(3) 'How 'much would you 'like to change?

(4) 'What is the 'rate of ex'change to day?

(5) 'What 'rate can you 'offer for 'two 'thousand dollars?

(6) 'How would you 'like the 'money, sir?

19 Complete the sentences with the following words:

excess, exchange rates, bureaux de change, customers,

market forces, currency, valid

(1) In foreign countries the trade in money with ... is usually carried out at …

(2) … for various currencies are determined by ... and they change every day.

(3) Selling and buying foreign … for local ... is usually carried out at …

(4) The exchange rates are ... regionally.

(5) For amounts in of a certain sum sometimes special ... are set.

20 Write with words the following sums:

£ 25.20 $ 17.80 € 1,160,

21 Translate into English:

1. Какой у вас курс фунта по отношению к доллару?

2. Мне нужно обменять 50 фунтов.

3. Вам нужен паспорт?

4. Вы может обменять доллары на евро?

5. А какой у вас курс?

22 Imagine an America customer would like to change two hundred dollars into Roubles. Act out this dialogue.

TEXT 7: COUNTERFEITING

Counterfeiting of money is one of the oldest crimes in history.

In the United States, for example it was a serious problem in the past when each bank issued its own currency.

Therefore they adopted a national currency in 1863. But it did not solve the counterfeiting problem. The national currency, or the dollar, was soon counterfeited so widely, that it became necessary for the US Government to take special measures. In 1865 the United States Secret Service was established to suppress counterfeiting. It curtailed counterfeiting to a certain extent but this crime still exists.

The US dollar is now the most counterfeited currency in the world.

Modern photographic and printing devices, colour copiers, laser scanners have made the production of counterfeit money relatively easy.

A lot of special security features are usually used in making banknotes of every country.

In making American dollars, for example, the following security features are used:

• red and blue fibres, embedded in the paper

• the intaglio printing of some features

Besides, not-long ago, a few more new security features were added to US dollars. These features are as follows:

• invisible thread embedded in the paper

- microprinting and others.

These new features appeared first in banknotes of certain denominations only. Other denominations will be gradually made with the same security features.

Vocabulary

to counterfeit ['kauntefit] подделывать

counterfeiting подделка

counterfeit note поддельная банкнота

crime ['kraim] преступление

criminal ['kriminal] преступник

преступный, криминальный

criminality преступность, виновность

to adopt [a'dopt] принимать, усваивать

adoption принятие, усвоение

to solve разрешить

to solve a problem разрешить проблему

to suppress [se'pres] пресекать, подавлять

suppression подавление, запрещение (газеты и т.д.)

to curtail [ka:'teil] сокращать, урезать

curtailment сокращение, урезывание

to a certain extent в определенной степени

device устройство

colour copier цветной копир

security [sa'kjuriti] безопасность, защита

security feature метод защиты

fibre ['faibe] волокно

fibres embedded in... волокна, вкрапленные в...

intaglio printing глубокая печать

invisible [in'vizibl] невидимый

thread [] нить

appearance появление; внешность

gradually [] постепенно

Exercises

23 Translate the nouns and write the verbs from which they are formed:

adoption

solution

suppression

relation

security

appearance

issue

difference

inscription

signature

portrait

feature

24 Use the following words and translate the sentences:

crimes, currency, counterfeiting, established, features

(1) …of money is one of oldest … in history.

(2) They adopted a national... in 1863.

(3) In 1865 the United States Secret Service was .... to suppress ...

(4) It curtailed ... to a certain extent but this ... still exists.

(5) The US dollar is now the most counterfeited ... in the world.

(6) New security ... are added to the dollar from time to time.

25 Give the English equivalents:

метод защиты

глубокая печать

волокна, вкрапленные в бумагу

невидимая нить

микропечать

современные ксероксы

цветные принтеры

лазерный сканер

подделывать деньги

средства защиты денег

национальная валюта

26 Sum up what the text says about the security features of American banknotes.

27 Translate into English:

1. Именно эти банкноты чаще всего подделывают.

2. Доллары сейчас подделывают в самых разных странах.

3. Постоянно изобретаются новые средства защиты банкнот.

4. Именно портрет Шекспира вы можете увидеть на обороте 20- фунтовой банкноты.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

Представленное учебное пособие - это необходимый элемент УМК, который может быть полезен для преподавателей при обучении Раздела 3 «Введение в деловой английский» (см. Рабочую программу). В учебном пособии рассматривается содержание Темы 3.2. «Деньги. Валюта»: Из истории возникновения денег. Национальные валюты: английский фунт стерлингов, американский доллар. Национальные валюты: евро, российский рубль. Проблема подделки денег. Методы защиты банкнот. Обмен денег. Языковые клише. Понятия «инфляция», «дефляция», «девальвация» валюты. А также для студентов специальности 38.02.01 Экономика и бухгалтерский учет по отраслям.

Представленное учебное пособие рассчитано на 8 аудиторных часов (согласно Рабочей программы) и содержит тексты, лексико-грамматические задания, вопросы для самоконтроля и тестовые задания для самопроверки (Progressive Test), дополнительный материал для студентов.

Преподаватель может выбрать темы проектов при выполнении самостоятельной работы из дополнительного материала (рубрика "IT'S INTERESTING", которые подобраны практически к каждому тексту. При подведении итогов проектной работы можно подготовить красочные буклеты и защитить работу, снабдив её презентацией.

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

1. Шевелёва С.А., Стогов В.Е. Основы экономики и бизнеса: учеб. пособие для студ. сред. проф. учебных заведений. - М.: ЮНИТИ-ДАНА, 2006.

2. Ляховицкий М.В. Методика преподавания иностранных языков. М., 1981

3. Настольная книга преподавателя иностранного языка. Справочное пособие. Минск, 2000