Защита реферата по темеЭкология

Ecology is one of the global problem of the world. We consider that our project is actual because every city and town has problems in ecological, social, economical spheres. People try to solve them. The solutions may be unique. . The president of the Russian Federation announced 20013 the Year of Ecology. It means special attention of the government to the solution of the problem.

We investigate the development of the relations of two sisters-cities N. Tagil and Chattanooga. United towns may have more successful results. The most interesting system of human and economical connections has been formed. The president of the Russian Federation announced 20013 the Year of Ecology. It means special attention of the government to the solution of the problem.

The theme of the project is: Common problems of sisters-cities.

Environmental pollution is defined as any undesirable change in physical, chemical and biological characteristics of air, land and water. Pollution can be natural as well as man-made.

Air pollution, both indoor and outdoor, is a significant cause of health problems worldwide. Urban and rural outdoor environments contain infections, allergens, irritants and chemical toxins that can reduce the quality of life and cause disease. Inhaled air pollution is directed at the nose, throat and lungs. The only way to prevent air pollution is to walk or bike more and drive less.

In addition to clean air, all living organisms, animals and plants call for a clean water supply in order to continue to exist. Water pollution affects our, rivers, lakes, oceans and drinking water.

Land pollution is pollution of the Earth's natural land surface by industrial, commercial, domestic and agricultural activities.

The best way to prevent land pollution is to recycle. Here are a few other ways you can reduce land pollution:

Reuse any items that you can

Buy biodegradable products

Use a drip tray to collect engine oil

Buy products that have little packaging

Don't dump motor oil on the ground

NizhnyTagil - a major industrial center with a population of about 400thousands of people belongs to the cities of ecological trouble.

In the quantity of harmful emissions into the atmosphere Ural region is in the first place. NizhnyTagil a few years ago was declared a zone of ecological emergency situation.

Recycling - one of the most serious problems in N.Tagil. It is associated with technological and economically feasible recycling. Unauthorized dumps pollute underground reservoir of water - one of the few pure sources of the latter. Household garbage is not sorted. All garbage collected mixed.

Investigating the problems we found out that the idea to enter into friendly relations between N. Tagil and the town from the United States was born in the process of realization of joint Russian-American Project in the field of protection of the environment and the rational using of natural resources of N. Tagil (1994-2000). Americans suggested the town Chattanooga from Tennessee. It was industrialized and had a lot of problems connected with the pollution of the environment, people's health. By the beginning of 1980, ecological problems had been successfully solved. Chattanooga turned from one of the dirtiest towns of the USA into a model town which realized the program of stable development successfully.

The city has received national recognition for the renaissance of its beautiful downtown and redevelopment of its riverfront. Chattanooga was one of the first US cities to effectively use a citizen visioning process to set specific long-range goals to enrich the lives of residents and visitors.

International cooperation of N. Tagil with state and public organizations was very active in the field of the environment.

Russian-American project has become the result of work of the Commission, created by B. Eltzin and Clinton in 1993.The Commission expanded its sphere of activity including the questions of health and ecology.

N. Tagil was chosen as a city having serious problems and situated in the dirtiest regions of Russia.

Long and distinguished cooperating between the organizations "Clean House" and the Institute of Stable Association and the administration of our town found its continuation in the project "Green future of N. Tagil". It started in spring of 2000. The aim was create the so-called "Green corridor". The «Green corridor" is a system of territories, situated along town ponds: new and old parks, squares, historical sights, sports grounds. In the result it was cleared out that just public organizations and volunteers initiated the ideas of "Green corridors" and revived the neglecting parks, squares. They tried to solve many problems with local government, businessmen, and draw children to this work.

The results of joined work of sisters-cities N. Tagil and Chattanooga.

1. The percentage of wastes into the air has been decreased.

2. A special federal programme was worked out for our town.

3. 4. Thanks to the reconstruction of the plants their influence on people's health is decreasing.

4. 5. New methods of cleaning water have been conformed.

5. Visokogorskiy Mining factory concluded an agreement with the government of Sverdlovskaya region in the sphere of ecology. It plans to reduce the pollution of the air more than to 50%, water to 50%, and the recycling of wastes to 9%.

6. The enterprise inculcates new techniques, new equipment that allows to reduce the pollution of the environment. The enterprise reduced using water from town ponds and throwing technological water to 32% thanks to modernization of its equipment and new ecological techniques.

7. Nowadays Nizhny Tagil does not get into one of 35 cities with highest level of air pollution.

8. In 2012 the atmosphere of the city dumped 201 thousand tons of pollutants. This is one percentage point lower than in 2001, and 47percent less than in 1992.The index of air pollution has declined during the period from 1999 to 2012, with 9,2 to 4,4.

9. Tagil has a great number of vehicles. But air pollution from automobile exhausts did not increase, and this is due to the fact that many shuttles run on gas. The effect is obvious but it was not achieved within one day.

10. By 2012, 200 unauthorized dumps have been liquidated, 45 thousand trees and shrubs have been planted.

Pupils of our school can't stay aside of ecological problems. We do our best to improve the situation in front of our school and inside it. We take part in spring cleaning of our school yard, squares and streets.

As practical part we created original flower beds for our yard, where we'd like to rest, admiring the beauty of the nature. We'd like to put bins for litter because we must learn everybody not to pollute the environment.

We create green corners and corridors in our school which help students and teachers to relax during the breaks.

In the conclusion we'd like to say that the government and the administration of our towns have found the most interesting system of human and economical connections in this sphere.

We consider that new common ways in solving these problems have been created. We exchange delegations, hold joint conferences and meetings on different problems, exchange children delegations.

We would like to say that the tasks which we have put are fulfilled.

We proved that our hypothesis is right.