Проект по английскому языку на тему Mc Donalds

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Класс 6 класс
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Муниципальное общеобразовательное учреждение

«Гимназия № 4»







ПРОЕКТ

на тему «McDonald's »

по английскому языку.













г. Подольск

2016г.



Содержание

Пояснительная записка.................................................………......……………3-4

I.История возникновения McDonald's:

1.1Создатели McDonald's.......................................................................................5

1.2. Первый ресторан и распространение сети по Америке............................6-7

1.3. Количество ресторанов McDonald's по всему миру .................................8-9

1.4. Выгодная вакансия для студентов................................................................10

II. Польза и вред питания в McDonald's:

2.1. Низкие цены в меню…………………………………………….............11-12

2.2. Экономия времени …………………………………………….....................13

2.3. Проблемы со здоровьем от частого посещения McDonald's................14-15

2.4. Недобросовестное использование продуктов........................................16-19

III.Опрос: «Насколько необходима пища из McDonald's в России и почему старшее поколение отказывается от McDonald's………………………. …20-21

Заключение………………………………….........................................................22

Приложение









Пояснительная записка

К проекту на тему: «McDonald's».

Почему я выбрал тему «McDonald's»?

Когда мы с семьей ездим в Москву и путешествуем по другим странам, то я вижу очень много мест, где находится «McDonald's». Именно поэтому я и выбрал эту тему, в ходе изучения которой, я хочу узнать для себя историю его возникновения, выявить положительные и отрицательные стороны питания в этой сети ресторанов и насколько необходим «McDonald's» в России для разного поколения.

Работая над проектом, я пользовался различными источниками информации: интернетом, посещал «McDonald's», смотрел какое поколение в основном питается в ресторане, обобщал полученную информацию, анализировал ее и затем делал выводы.

Актуальность моей темы заключается в том, что люди по всему миру посещают и питаются в сети ресторанов McDonald's с удовольствием.

Цель моего проекта: определить насколько необходим McDonald's в России для разного поколения.

задачи моего проекта:

1. Узнать историю возникновения сети McDonald's;

2. Выявить положительные стороны питания в McDonald's;

3. Выявить отрицательные стороны питания в McDonald's;

4. Сделать опрос и подтвердить или опровергнуть выдвинутую мной гипотезу.

Для решения этих задач была выдвинута гипотеза, что опрошенные мной люди в силу разного возраста по разному относятся к питанию в сети ресторанов McDonald's.

Объект исследования: ресторан McDonald's.

Предмет исследования: опрос.

Для решения поставленной задачи я использовал методы классификации, обобщения, собирал необходимую информацию, материал, анализировал, делал выводы и оформлял проект: изучил историю McDonald's, рассказал о вреде, питания в ресторане McDonald's.

На примере изучения и McDonald's я составил таблицу и получил результат моего исследования. Я считаю, что поставленные мною цель и задачи выполнены.

Я использовал следующие электронные ресурсы:

  1. thetravelalmanac.com/

  2. fagansusanto.wordpress.com

  3. en.academic.ru/

  4. thelondonstudy.com/

  5. mcdonalds.com/

  6. beautyandtips.com/

  7. thankyourbody.com/

  8. acidcow.com/





I. The origin of McDonald's

1.1.Creators of McDonald's

Dick and Mac McDonald

Richard "Dick" J. McDonald (February 16, 1909 - July 14, 1998) andMaurice "Mac" McDonald (November 26, 1902 - December 11, 1971) were two early American fast foodpioneers, originally from Manchester, New Hampshire, who established the first McDonald's restaurant in 1940.

Family origins

The McDonald family were of Irish origin. In the 1910 U.S. Census, both brothers (Maurice as "Morris") appear inManchester ward 8, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, and their father Patrick J. McDonald is shown asoriginating from Ireland, having emigrated in 1877 as a baby. Their mother Margarete is also shown as Irish born,emigrating to the USA in 1884 as a child. The couple were earlier recorded on the 1900 US Federal Census inRockingham County, New Hampshire. Patrick McDonald appears on the 1880 Census in Rockingham County, NewHampshire, aged seven, son of Michael and Mary McDonald, both born in Ireland in the 1840s, of Irish-bornparents.

This has come under scrutiny with recent genealogy showing that the family apparently originated from Glencoe,Scotland. This was brought to light when McDonald's refused to put menus in Scottish Gaelic, and local peopleargued this was the McDonald ancestral home and not putting menus in Gaelic was an insult to the brothers'heritage. However, the McDonald brothers have a proven Irish genealogy



1.2.The first restaurant and spreading around USA

In 1940, Maurice and Richard ("Mac" and " Dick") McDonald moved their father's restaurant from Monrovia to San Bernardino, California. The restaurant was renamed "McDonald's Famous Barbeque" and served over forty barbequed items. After the brothers realized most of their profits came from hamburgers, they closed their drive-in to establish a streamlined menu of just hamburgers, cheeseburgers, french fries, shakes, soft drinks, and apple pie. The restaurant's name was again changed, this time to simply "McDonald's," and reopened its doors on December 12, 1948.

McDonald's first filed for a U.S. trademark on the name "McDonald's" on May 4, 1961, with the description "Drive-In Restaurant Services", which continues to be renewed through the end of December 2009. In the same year, on September 13, 1961, the company filed a logo trademark on an overlapping, double arched "M" symbol. The overlapping double arched "M" symbol logo was temporarily disfavored by September 6, 1962, when a trademark was filed for a single arch, shaped over many of the early McDonald's restaurants in the early years. Although the "Golden Arches" appeared in various forms, the present form as a letter "M" did not appear until November 18, 1968, when the company applied for a U.S. trademark. The present corporation dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc, in Des Plaines, Illinois, on April 15, 1955, the ninth McDonald's restaurant overall. Kroc later purchased the McDonald brothers' equity in the company and led its worldwide expansion, and the company became listed on the public stock markets in 1965. Kroc was also noted for aggressive business practices, compelling the McDonald brothers to leave the fast food industry. The McDonald brothers and Kroc feuded over control of the business, as documented in both Kroc's autobiography and in the McDonald brothers' autobiography. The San Bernardino store was demolished in 1976 (or 1971, according to Juan Pollo) and the site was sold to the Juan Pollo restaurant chain. It now serves as headquarters for the Juan Pollo chain, as well as a McDonald's and Route 66 museum. With the expansion of McDonald's into many international markets, the company has become a symbol of globalization and the spread of the American way of life.








1.3.McDonald's around the world

Of all the desolate places in the world, there it was! In today's world it is such a well known brand that even countries that don't have a McDonalds restaurant have more than likely have heard of it, or will be getting one in the neighborhood very soon. To some it is an unfortunate thing. Some places refuse to let McDonalds into their town, starting up petitions to stop the process, or one might think maybe just delaying the inevitable.

Of all the countries I have visited, not only the wealthy but poor too, the greater majority have at least one McDonalds. Regardless of if there are other multinational takeaway chain stores, there appears to commonly be the golden arches lurking somewhere.

Familiar Foods

To its credit though, McDonalds does offer familiar foods in unfamiliar surroundings. This is one of its marketing strategies. Not for the locals but for travelers, who are tired of eating the local food and need some familiar foods from home for comfort eating. Who better to offer this than a restaurant that you have at home? Most local restaurants trying to offer international cuisine do not do the perfect job. There is usually a degree of difference to what one is familiar with. For some it is not quite the same as home. But where ever you are in the world, McDonalds is always the same. With such quality control standards, it always looks and tastes the same. This can be positive or negative, depending on which way you look at it. I would say "boring" some would say "something I can trust".

Country Specialties

Actually McDonalds is NOT always the same, in fact it is slightly different in every country. McDonalds caters for all different tastes, traditions and religions around the world. The majority of the menu is generally the same as the original USA McDonalds, but with each country having its own few additional menu items.

Some menu items have come about out of necessity and popularity. In India, Hinduism forbids the consumption of beef, and Islam forbids pork, this prompted McDonald's initially to use lamb instead; it later switched to chicken due to its popularity. In predominantly Muslim countries like Malaysia, pork is not served due to Muslim dietary laws; the hamburger is called the beef burger, avoiding the word "ham". In Israel, with kosher dietary laws forbidding the mixture of meat and dairy products, cheeseburgers are not popular. McDonald's runs kosher restaurants in Jerusalem and Buenos Aires, Argentina and offers a "Passover Bun" for the eight-day period in which practicing Jews abstain from leavened bread. "Veggie burgers" are offered wherever there is a significant demand, including India and much of Western Europe.

The following pages list all the different menu items I have discovered, not only through visiting myself but from information I have collected from other sources. McDonalds is always trying to capture a new market and hence they introduce new ideas onto the menu regularly. It would be very difficult to keep up with all of these. Some items are experimental and may only appear for a matter of weeks where others become a staple of the standard menu. I have tried to capture as many as possible.

Restaurant Variations

McDonalds has expanded out so much it now has a separate counter on the street selling soft serve ice-cream for the passersby in a hurry. This has been seen in Budapest and Hong Kong.

They also have a separate section McCafe, which serves the usual fare of coffee, tea, pastries, muffins and cakes. The café makes the takeaway stores a little more upmarket. In fact many McDonalds' restaurants around the world are more elaborate than others. India and Egypt have a porter at the door to open it as you enter while the French version make it a more pleasurable experience by having a fancier premises to visit.

The price of menu items is not however relative to the economic status of a country. So for the poorer nations, the cost of a meal at McDonalds seems relatively expensive compared to a local meal, whereas the cost of a McDonalds' meal in a well off nation is relatively cheap! As the McDonald's burger menu in the United States is similar to that elsewhere, The Economist magazine devised the Big Mac Index, comparing the price of the Big Mac burger around the world.


1.4. Profitable position for students

McDonald's is one of the famous organisation for part-time job seekers of students. Today I want to let you know how to get jobs in McDonald's for current and prospective students. If you are looking for part-time and flexible work shift that won't affect your lecture time then Mcdonalds is perfect for a student.

Lets have a look MacDonalds background in uk. McDonalds has more than twelve hundred and fifty (1250) restaurants in the United Kingdom. Thirty seven per cent (37%) of these are franchised. The company's annual turnover in the United Kingdom alone hovers around a one and a half billion pounds average.

The most lucrative position for students in Mac.. is Crew Member. Now let me be very frank! what you need for this job? My answer is Smartness, a full bag of energy,with a great personality who can bring showmanship to the role to join our dynamic team, further more they must have a confident, welcoming and social personality, which can be used to build a strong rapport with their guests.

Guys! now I have a tricky way to get a job at MacDonald's. Ask me what? Yes, please wait. Sometime this is very crucial than online job application though they always say 'apply in online'. I must say different things like, go to store and ask for store manager then ask the manager for any job vacancy. He might say 'we don't have any vacancy at the moment please apply online'. Please don't lose your hope, go another store ask, ask and ask. By doing this you'll get job. Its unbelievable, is it! No this tricks really work. A couple of my known students got it by doing this.







II. Pros and Cons of eating in McDonald's

2.1. Low price in the menu

Now I would like to show you what are the prices of different products in McDonald's:

Breakfast

Price

Egg McMuffin

89rub

Hotcakes

95rub

Omelet

82rub

McToast

35rub

Fresh Roll

112rub

Lunch

Price

Big Mac

116rub

Hamburger

45rub

Cheeseburger

55rub

Filet-O-Fish

116rub

McChicken

116rub

Chicken McNuggets

110rub

French fries

58rub

Country fries

68rub

Vegetarian food

Price

Side Salad

177rub

Caesar Salad

228rub

Apple Slices

43rub

Carrot slices

43rub

Dessert

Price

McFlurry

77rub

Vanilla Cone

29rub

Sundae

65rub

Shake

85rub

Pie

58rub

McMuffin

69rub

Drinks

Price

Orange Juice

72rub

Water

72rub

Coca-Cola

60rub

Diet Coke

60rub

Coffee

68rub

Iced Tea

55rub

2.2 Economize your time

What are the major reasons why people don't cook at home more often?

Eating out provides the path of least resistance.

(unless your mama is still making your meals for you)

  • Planning a meal takes time

  • Shopping takes time

  • Food preparation takes time

  • Serving takes time

  • Washing dirty dishes takes time


Sometimes, we simply don't have the time.

  • We're chronically rushing to get to the office, so we grab something on the way in or eat a quick-to-prepare breakfast (cereal and milk, fruit, toast; however I could not call those things cooking)

  • For lunch, most of our co-workers don't bring a lunch, so it's a time to socialize with them by eating out.

  • After eight to 12 hours at the office, to be frank, we're tired. Spending the next hour or two preparing dinner seems unappealing and it's easier, in my cases, to just pick up something on the way home.


Of course, eating out is more expensive than eating in. Sometimes, people don't mind the added cost that buys them convenience and makes their lives easier. Other times, people try to balance eating out and eating in, which gives them an optimal blend of cost savings and convenience.





2.3. Problems with health if you often go there

10 Strong reasons to stop eating fast food

Why is fast food unhealthy? How to stop eating fast food? Did you know that obesity is second only to smoking as a preventable cause of death in the US? That is just one of the reasons that you shouldn't be eating fast, or junk food. Add to that the many other health risks associated with fast food, along with the animal welfare considerations, too, and you have a really good case for staying away from the burger joints and other junk food outlets. Here are ten very good reasons why you should stop eating fast food:

1. Food hygiene

Not everyone who works in fast food restaurants is as careful about basic food hygiene as you probably are. How can you be sure that they washed hands before preparing your food or that the utensils they have used are clean? It's not uncommon to read about fast food outlets that have been closed down because of poor hygiene, and that's just the ones that have been caught!

2. Low price means low quality

Why do you think that some fast food outlets can sell their food cheaply? Primarily, it's because they use the cheapest possible ingredients. That means burgers, with very little meat, wilted salad and burger buns that have more air in them than bread! This means it has very limited nutritional value and a load of salt added, to create some flavour.

3. It promotes poor animal welfare conditions

The constant pressure that is out on farmers by fast food restaurants, to drive prices down promotes the need for cruel, intensive farming methods. Factory farmed animals are forced to live in awful conditions. They are often also pumped full of chemicals to enhance their growth and fight infection and those chemicals can be passed on in the food you eat.

4. You don't know what's in your food

You really have no idea what goes into your fast food, but most chains and independent outlets are looking for low price and a long shelf life. That means the cheapest meat available, like reclaimed meat, which is the meat that is mechanically recovered from the carcass, after all the good meat has been used. Such meat is often then coloured artificially, flavoured artificially and it contains large amounts of artificial preservatives.

5. It can cause depression in teenagers

Because of all the hormonal changes, going on in a teenager's body, they need a healthy diet to ward off mood swings and behavioural issues. Teenagers that eat more junk food than fresh food are nearly 60% more likely to suffer from depression.

7. It can increase the risk of kidney disease

The reason that fries are so tempting is because they contain huge amounts of highly processed salt which increases salivation and even causes a craving. The high salt and fat content in fries increases blood pressure and adversely affects the functioning of the kidneys.

8. It can affect the functioning of the brain

In a study conducted by the journal 'Brain, Behaviour and Immunity', researchers found that one week of eating junk food was enough to impair the memory of rats. It is believed that the bad fats in fast food replaces the healthy fats in the brain and so impairs brain functions.

9. It increases the risk of heart disease

This is probably no surprise, but too much fast food increases the risk of heart disease. Junk food contains high levels of cholesterol and triglyceride, which builds up in your body over time and will eventually lead to obesity and heart problems.

10. It increases the risk of cancer

Fast foods are high in fat, sugar and salt, which can lead to an increased risk of cancer. Studies have proven that there is a direct link between the amount of fatty, fried food that people eat and the incidence of cancer.





2.4. Careless use of products

But what's REALLY is in a McDonald's hamburger?

Let's take a quick look at what's in a McDonald's hamburger as outlined in their nutritional information. It shows a fairly harmless ingredient list:

  • 100% beef patty

  • regular bun

  • pastuerized process American cheese

  • ketchup

  • mustard

  • pickle slices

  • onions

Despite what many Americans think, I don't see hamburgers as the typical "junk food" villain. Under the right circumstances I am totally game for a real hamburger. And by "real" I mean that the beef is grass-fed, the cheese isn't processed, the bun is sourdough or sprouted, and the condiments are not full of nasty stuff.

Not too surprising, but the McDonald's hamburger isn't quite so real. In fact, you have to scroll down their 30 page nutritional information guide to get the whole scary truth.

Let's get to it, shall we?

What's REALLY in a McDonald's Hamburger: The Ingredient Breakdown

100% Beef Patty:

Ingredients: 100% pure USDA inspected beef; no fillers, no extenders. Prepared with grill seasoning (salt, black pepper).

Thankfully, McDonald's and several other chains recently stopped using the "pink slime" in their beef. But the vast majority of fast food beef comes from CAFO (concentrated agricultural feeding operation) cows. Not only is this horrible for the animals and the environment, but eating meat from sick animals will only make you sick. Eat a McDonald's hamburger and you might be getting a mouth full of antibiotics, hormones, and dangerous bacteria.

Regular Bun:

Ingredients: Enriched flour (bleached wheat flour, malted barley flour, niacin, reduced iron, thiamin mononitrate, riboflavin, folic acid), water, high fructose corn syrup and/or sugar, yeast, soybean oil and/or canola oil, contains 2% or less of the following: salt, wheat gluten, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, dough conditioners (may contain one or more of the following: sodium stearoyl lactylate, datem, ascorbic acid, azodicarbonamide, mono- and diglycerides, ethoxylated monoglycerides, monocalcium phosphate, enzymes, guar gum, calcium peroxide), sorbic acid, calcium propionate and/or sodium propionate (preservatives), soy lecithin.

Oh boy. Where do I start? How about we just look at the length of this ingredient list. All of this for a bun? Did you know you can make your own bread using just flour, salt, and water? Seriously. The extra 20 - 30 ingredients here is stuff your body doesn't need.

Lets look at just a few of the above ingredients:

  • Ammonium chloride… sounds tasty right? Did you know it is also an ingredient in fireworks, safety matches and contact explosives? Eat up.

  • Ammonium sulfate is used most commonly as an artificial fertilizer for alkaline soils. It's also in flame retardant materials. Ammonium sulfate activates yeast, so it helps to get industrially produced bread to rise.

  • The soybean and/or canola oil used here are most likely GMO. They are also foods I generally avoid for a number of reasons.

  • The high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), despite the desperate marketing strategies to persuade otherwise, is not natural. And because it's in so much of our processed foods, not only is it hard to avoid, but it can be doing major damage to your health.

  • "Enriched" flour sounds harmless enough. But "enriched" just means that all the nutrition was taken out in the first place. Refined flours are also hard for your body to digest, even before the mess of chemicals are added to it.

I can't even get through this whole list. But I think you get the point. Nothing really healthy or real here.

Ketchup:

Ingredients: Tomato concentrate from red ripe tomatoes, distilled vinegar, high fructose corn syrup, corn syrup, water, salt, natural flavors (vegetable source)

As if HFCS isn't enough… let's add some regular corn syrup to the mix! Not to mention that most corn is GMO. Did you know that recently the first long term study on the effects of GMO was released? You can find it here.The part that should freak you out: Massive tumors in rats who are fed GMO corn for two years.

Let's talk about the "natural flavors." What does that really mean? For me it means "don't eat." The term "natural flavors" can be used for a number of not-so-natural and definitely not-so-healthy ingredients including things like MSG, Aspartame and bugs (yes, bugs).

Mustard:

Ingredients: Distilled vinegar, water, mustard seed, salt, turmeric, paprika, spice extractive.

Okay, these look familiar. Except maybe "spice extractive." What does that mean? Read this and try to figure it out… a little "iffy" for sure.

Pasteurized Process American Cheese:

Ingredients: Milk, water, milkfat, cheese culture, sodium citrate, salt, citric acid, sorbic acid (preservative), sodium phosphate, color added, lactic acid, acetic acid, enzymes, soy lecithin (added for slice separation)

Let's just start with the name. I mean, come on. Cheese is milk's chance for immortality and "pasteurized process American cheese" just sounds nasty.

Why are we messing with something so good? Pasteurization kills living enzymes. Although in this case it's probably good since it can also kill the bad stuff that comes from milk from sick cows in horrific factories.

With all the added colors, preservatives, and other "goodies" I think I'll skip the cheeseburger.

Pickle Slices:

Ingredients: Cucumbers, water, distilled vinegar, salt, calcium chloride, alum, potassium sorbate (preservative), natural flavors (plant source), polysorbate 80, extractives of turmeric (color)

Another handful of chemicals. Let's just highlight the polysorbate 80 for a moment. In general this chemical is considered safe and well tolerated. Although a small number of people may be sensitive to it, and it may be harmful to people with Crohn's disease. (But don't worry, that only affects between 400,000 and 600,000people in North America. Ouch.)

Onions:

Ingredients: Chopped onions.

Finally. An ingredient list I can get behind. Of course, I prefer my veggies organic (locally grown is even better) toavoid pesticides. But so far the onions are your safest bet.

So… what's the verdict about what's really in a McDonald's hamburger?

Well for an ingredient list with 50+ questionable items… I think I'll pass on the McDonad's hamburger. Forever. And before you think I have something against McDonald's, realize that this list will look very similar for any fast food hamburger.

Remember, food is what helps your body thrive. Feed your body sick food and guess how you'll end up? Sick.











III. Practical work: Quiz about how popular is McDonald's in Russia among different generation.

In my practical work I decided to carry out a quiz, where I asked questions and collected information and from the results of this information I've made this diagram. The main goal of my quiz was to understand how popular and necessary is the food from the chain of restaurants of McDonald's in Russia among different ages of people. I divided people into three types of age: first children of my age, especially my classmates, second my parents and their friends and the third my grandparents and their friends. I had a list of questions connected with the theme of McDonald's. Here is a list of my questions:

1. Do you know McDonald's restaurant?

2. How often do you visit it?

3. Do you like the food there?

4. How do you feel yourself after you eat this food?

5. Is the price OK for you?



After I collected all information I've made a conclusion. My classmates and I think that we like McDonald's and it's necessary for us to go there and eat this food. My parents and their friends think that it's not so necessary to have these restaurants because it isn't healthy food and it causes bad impacts on our health. But if they have little time some of them prefer to eat exactly in McDonald's. And the eldest generation my grandparents and their friends as I saw most of them don't eat at McDonald's and can live easily without this junk food. Because they used to eat fresh vegetables and fresh meat.











Заключение

На основе проведенных мной исследований я могу сказать, что достиг поставленной цели и подтвердил свою гипотезу, что посещение сети ресторанов McDonald's необходимо только для младшего поколения, например для меня и моих одноклассников. А взрослые люди стараются готовить дома, и есть более здоровую пищу.

Я выбрал эту тему самостоятельно и на тот момент не знал ни об истории возникновения сети McDonald's ни о количестве ресторанов и числе сотрудников. А так же не мог себе представить, насколько вредна эта пища. Та информация о приобретённых заболеваниях и о недоброкачественной продукции заставила меня в серьёз задуматься о походах в данный ресторан.

А так же я хочу просветить своих одноклассников и друзей о вреде питания в этом ресторане. Я думаю, что мой проект будет полезен не только на уроке английского языка, а так же он пригодиться на уроке биологии.

Мне было интересно работать над моим проектом, я узнал много нового и даже изменил отношение к моему объекту исследования.



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