Модальные глаголы. Modal Verbs. (Английский язык)

Modal Verbs

can

can't

cannot

Умение, способность,

возможность, просьба, разрешение

You can do it. (Pr. Ind.)

You could do it. (Past Ind.)

You will be able to do it. (Fut. Ind.)

may

might

Разрешение, предположение с сомнением

You may go. (Pr. Ind.)

We might go. (Past Ind.)

We will be allowed to go. (Fut. Ind.)

must

Обязанность, твёрдая необходимость

We must do it. (Pr. Ind.)

We had to do it. (Past Ind.)

ought to

Моральный долг

You ought to phone him,

need

Отсутствие необходимости

Need he do it?

You need not go there.

dare

Осмелиться, дерзнуть

How dare you speak to me?

used to

Бывало (в прошлом)

He used to live in London.

should

Совет, рекомендация

He should not smoke.

You should go home.

would

could

Желание

Вежливая просьба

Would you like to see this film?

Could I speak to Ann?

have to

had to

will have to

Вынужденность

Pr. Ind.

Past Ind.

Fut. Ind.

I have to do it every day.

Do I have to do it every day?

I don't have to do it every day.

I had to do it yesterday.

Did I have to do it yesterday?

I didn't have to do it yesterday.

I'll have to do it tomorrow.

I won't have to do it tomorrow.

Will I have to do it tomorrow.

be to

Обязанность согласно плану, договорённости

We are to meet at 6 p.m.

I was to go there.

I'll be to read it in English.

would rather

had better

Предпочтительнее инф.

+ без

Следовало to

I would rather stay at home than go there.

I had better go now or I'll be late.

Модальные глаголы имеют следующие грамматические особенности:

1. За ними следует инфинитив смыслового глагола без частицы to (за

исключением глаголов ought to, to have to, to be to).

2. Вопросительная и отрицательная форма модальных глаголов образуется без помощи вспомогательных глаголов (за исключением глагола to have to).

3. Модальные глаголы не имеют окончания 3-го лица - e(s).

4. Большинство модальных глаголов имеют более чем одно значение.