Тест по английскому языку

TEST

Variant 1

1. Работа с текстом.

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A trial.

A trial may be defined broadly and comprehensively as a judicial examination of the issues between the parties. Although some variations may exist, trials are usually held before a judge sitting alone, a referee, or a judge and jury. The counsels for the prosecution and for the defense make opening statements to the jury, outlining what each sees as the nature of the case and what each hopes to prove as the trial proceeds. Next, the counsel for the prosecution presents his case by calling witnesses, questioning them, and permitting them to be cross-examined by the counsel for the defense. The counsel for each side then makes a closing argument to the jury, summarizing the evidence in a light most favorable to their respective clients. The function of the jury is to determine the facts of the case, whereas the function of the judge is to determine the applicable law and to oversee the parties' presentation of the facts to the court. After the judge has instructed the jury on the applicable law, the jury will retire to deliberate in private until it reaches a just verdict, which will then be announced in open court. The verdict of a jury terminates the trial. In a case tried before a judge sitting alone, the decision of the judge constitutes a termination of the trial.

2. Грамматические упражнения

1. Замените следующие действительные обороты страдательными

1. Russian scientists make wonderful discoveries.

2. Glinka composed the opera "Ivan Susanin."

3. This mine will produce large quantities of coal this year.

4. A railway line connects the village with the town.

5. Who has written this book?

6. A well-known archived designed this theatre.

7. The students read the text aloud.

8. The teacher will correct the student's composition.

9. The workers are discharging the steamer.

10. The director has just signed the letter.

2. Раскройте скобки, выбирая требующееся время глагола

1. He said he (is staying, was staying) at the "Ritz" Hotel.

2. They realized that they (lost, had lost) their way in the dark.

3. He asked me where I (study, studied).

4. I thought that I (shall finish, should finish) my work at that time.

5. He says he (works, worked) at school two years ago.

6. Victor said he (is, was) very busy.

7. My friend asked me who (is playing, was playing) the piano in the sitting-room.

8. He said he (will come, would come) to the station to see me off.

9. I was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter.

10. I think the weather (will be, would be) fine next week. I hope it (will not change, would not change) for the worse.

3. Передайте следующие повествова­тельные предложения в косвенной речи

1. Oleg said: "My room is on the second floor."

2. He said: "I am sure she will ring me up when she is back in St. Petersburg."

3. Misha said: "I saw them at my parents' house last year".

4. He said: "I haven't seen my cousin today."

5. "I don't go to this shop very often," she said.

6. Tom said: "I have already had breakfast, so I am not hungry."

7. He said: "I have just received a letter from my uncle."

8. "I am going to the theatre tonight," he said to me.

9. Mike said: "I spoke to Mr. Brown this morning."

10. He said to her: "I shall do it today if I have time."

TEST

Variant 2

1. Работа с текстом.

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Lower courts

Apart, from the limited civil functions of Magistrates Courts (for example, prevention of family violence), the lowest court in a civil action is a County Court, of which there is one in every town in England and Wales. The judges are always professionals. They may hear matters such as contract and tort disputes, actions regarding claims to land or those regarding the property of a dead person. Cases involving larger amounts of money are heard by one of the divisions of the High Court. The Chancery Division, for example, deals with disputes about trusts, the property of the dead and bankruptcy, among other things. Appeals from the High Court, and most appeals from the County Courts, go to the Court, of Appeal. Some County Courts have authority to grant divorces, but when one of the parties disputes the divorce, it must be transferred to the Family Division of the High Court. In addition to the courts mentioned above, there are numerous special courts which have been established to make decisions in particular types of dispute.

2. Грамматические упражнения

1. Замените следующие действительные обороты страдательными

1. The committee must discuss this question immediately.

2. The Customs officer is counting the cases.

3. The accountant must check the invoice.

4. When he entered the room, the legal adviser was checking the contract.

5. The manufacturers can deliver the machine at the end of the month.

6. A marble pavilion protects the house.

7. The boys will paint the roof of the house.

8. Tom Saw­yer whitewashed the fence.

9. Her daughters gave her three beautiful dishes as a birthday present.

10. Tom gave Nick a book for his birthday.

2. Раскройте скобки, выбирая требующееся время глагола

1. I knew that he (is, was) a very clever man.

2. I want to know what he (has bought, had bought) for her birthday.

3. I asked my sister to tell me what she (has seen, had seen) at the museum.

4. Не said he (to leave) tomorrow morning.

5. She says she already (to find) the book.

6. He stopped and listened: the clock (to strike) five.

7. She said she (can) not tell me the right time, her watch (to be) wrong.

8. I asked my neighbour if he ever (to travel) by air before.

9. The policeman asked George where he (to run) so early.

10. The delegates were told that the guide just (to go) out and (to be) back in ten minutes.

3. Передайте следующие повествова­тельные предложения в косвенной речи

1. Не said to us: "Come here tomorrow."

2. I said to Mike: "Send me a telegram as soon as you arrive."

3. Father said to me: "Don't stay there long."

4. Peter said to them: "Don't leave the room until I come back."

5. "Take my luggage to Room 145," he said to the porter.

6. He said to me: "Ring me up tomor­row."

7. "Bring me a cup of black coffee," she said to the waiter.

8. "Don't be late for dinner," said other to us.

9. Jane said to us: "Please tell me all you know about it."

10. She said to Nick: "Please don't say anything about it to your sister.

TEST

Variant 3

1. Работа с текстом.

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English Judicial institutions

In all legal systems there are institutions for creating, modifying, abolishing and applying the law. Usually these take the form of a hierarchy of courts. The role of each court and its capacity to make decisions is strictly defined in relation to other courts. There are two main reasons for having a variety of courts. One is that a particular court can specialize in particular kinds of legal actions-for example, family courts and juvenile courts. The other is so that a person who feels his case was not fairly treated in a lower court can appeal to a higher court, for reassessment, although the right of appeal usually depends upon the appellant being able to show certain reasons for his dissatisfaction. The decisions of a higher court are binding upon lower courts. At the top of the hierarchy is a supreme lawmaking body, but, the process of taking an action from a lower court to the highest court may be very time consuming and costly.

1. Грамматические упражнения

1. Замените следующие действительные обороты страдательными

1. Our mother tells us stories every evening.

2. Lydia will show you a new book of pictures.

3. A boy showed her the way.

4. They will send us a box of fruit.

5. Five or six small children followed them.

6. In summer the boys often drive the horses to the fields.

7. Ivan Susanin led the Poles into the thickest part of the forest.

8. The waves carried the boat away.

9. We shall do the translation in the evening.

10. They water the flowers regularly.

2. Раскройте скобки, выбирая требующееся время глагола

1. The delegates were told that the guide just (to go) out and (to be) back in ten minutes.

2. I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro station and I decided to hurry.

3. I didn't know that you already (to wind) up the clock.

4. I was afraid that the little girl (not to be) able to unlock the front door and (to go) upstairs to help her.

5. He says that he (to know) the laws of the country.

6. Sarie understood why Lanny (not to come) the previous evening.

7. She asked me whether I (to remember) the legend about a faithful lion.

8. He understood that the soldiers (to arrest) him.

9. He could not understand why people (not to want) to take water from that well.

10. I suppose they (to send) a dog after the burglar immediately.

3. Передайте следующие повествова­тельные предложения в косвенной речи

1. Oleg said to his sister: "Put the letter into an envelope and give it to Kate."

2. "Please help me with this work, Henry," said Robert.

3. "Please bring me some fish soup," he said to the waitress.

4. "Don't worry over such a small thing," she said to me.

5. "Please don't mention it to any­body," Mary said to her friend.

6. "Promise to come and see me," said Jane to Alice.

7. "My friend lives in Moscow," said Alec.

8. "You have not done your work well," said the teacher to me.

9. The poor man said to the rich man: "My horse is wild. It can kill your horse."

10. The rich man said to the judge: "This man's horse has killed my horse."

TEST

Variant 4

1. Работа с текстом.

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Legal professions

The legal profession is one of the most prestigious and well-paid in Britain. England is almost unique in having two different kinds of lawyers, with separate jobs in the legal system. There are two main branches, those of solicitors and barristers. Of these, barristers form the senior branch of the legal profession. This division of the legal profession is due mainly to historical causes. Each branch has its own characteristic functions and a separate governing body. This system has been criticised in recent years because of the resulting duplication of services, delay in the legal process and its expense. The Conservative government legislated for substantial changes in the legal profession and in the legal services generally, which are intended to benefit consumers.

2. Грамматические упражнения

1. Замените следующие действительные обороты страдательными

1. They did not invite her to the party.

2. I did not leave the window open.

3. They did not turn off the light.

4. I have invited some friends to tea.

5. She has given me an English book.

6. Have you written the letter yet?

7. They have told us a lot оf interesting things.

8. The students have written the test-paper without mistakes.

9. The children have scattered about a lot of things.

10. The girl has put all the books into the bookcase.

2. Раскройте скобки, выбирая требующееся время глагола

1. When I opened the window, I saw the sun (to shine).

2. We are sure Simon (to marry) her some time later.

3. He can't remember where he (to put) his glasses.

4. George thought the restaurant (to be) expensive.

5. She was disappointed that she (not to get) the job.

6. I didn't understand why they (to destroy) their relationship.

7. He is not sure they (to find) their way in the darkness.

8. Jane asked me if I (to invite) Ann to the party.

9. People say that he always (to be) very rich.

10. She said she (to wait) for me since seven o'clock.

3. Передайте следующие повествова­тельные предложения в косвенной речи

1. "This man spoke to me on the road," said the woman.

2. "I can't ex­plain this rule to you," said my classmate to me.

3. The teacher said to the class: "We shall discuss this subject tomorrow."

4. The woman said to her son: "I am glad I am here."

5. Mike said: "We have bought these books today."

6. She said to me: "Now I can read your translation."

7. Our teacher said: "Thackeray's novels are very interesting."

8. She said: "You will read this book in the 9th form."

9. Nellie said: "I read 'Jane Eyre' last year."

10. Masha said: "I usually spend my holidays in the south."

TEST

Variant 5

1. Работа с текстом.

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Restrictions

In Britain, as in other nations with democratic systems of government, most court, cases are open to the public. This means that any member of the public may witness a court case, although he does not have the right to speak and may be ordered from the court if he tries to interrupt proceedings. But there are some proceedings which are closed. For example, a judge may order that no member of the public be present in a case where a child is giving evidence of sexual abuse which he or she has suffered. The public is also sometimes excluded if the judge feels that a witness or a member of a jury is being threatened by someone watching the proceedings. There are also restrictions on who may conduct a case in court. In most countries, an ordinary member of the public has the right to present his own case himself. However, although this sometimes happens in lower courts, most people choose to be represented by a professional lawyer, especially in a higher court.

2. Грамматические упражнения

1. Замените следующие действительные обороты страдательными

1. Everybody laughed at this funny animal.

2. We have been looking for you the whole morn­ing.

3. We shall insist on strict discipline.

4. They teach three foreign languages at this school.

5. They did not invite her to the party.

6. I did not leave the window open.

7. They did not turn off the light.

8. I have invited some friends to tea.

9. She has given me an English book.

10. Have you written the letter yet?

2. Раскройте скобки, выбирая требующееся время глагола

1. She was sorry she (to arrive) so late.

2. Jean promised she never (to speak) to me again.

3. Andy said he just (to buy) a new car.

4. My mother decided that she never (to drink) coffee late at night.

5. I hear you already (to find) a new job.

6. We were sure our children (to sleep).

7. I didn't think they still (to discuss) that problem.

8. It is remarkable that you (to come) at last.

9. My doctor thinks I (to be) allergic to pineapples.

10. Sophia knew her aunt (to be) glad to visit her in two days.

3. Передайте следующие повествова­тельные предложения в косвенной речи

1. She said: "I spent my holidays in the Crimea last year."

2. Boris said: "I go to the south every year."

3. He said: "I am going to a rest-home tomorrow."

4. Ann said to us: "They haven't yet come."

5. She said to us: "They arrived in St. Pe­tersburg yesterday."

6. I said: "I was in London last year. My friends in London sometimes invite me to spend my holidays with them."

7. Nick said: "I have never been to London. I think I shall go there next year."

8. He said: "I shall not stay with my friends too long."

9. He said to me: "They are staying at the 'Europe' hotel.

10. He said: "They are leaving next Monday."

TEST

Variant 6

1. Работа с текстом.

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The Arrest Procedure

The arrest procedure is not an exact science because there are too many variables and no two arrests are exactly alike. You must rely on training, experience, common sense and good judgment. Keep in mind that your subject may not be cooperative. Pointing a gun at him may not scare him. You must maintain peak alertness at all times. The subject knows who he is. What he has done, and what he is about to do. He may initiate a deadly assault at any time to prevent arrest, without concern for innocent bystanders or the consequences of his actions. The arrest procedure is one of the most dangerous functions in law enforcement because it deprives individuals of their liberty. Many law enforcement officers have been killed because they attempted a haphazard arrest. When making an arrest, the subject should be handcuffed as soon as possible and then thoroughly searched - first searching in the most likely places for a gun or other weapon.

2. Грамматические упражнения

1. Замените следующие действительные обороты страдательными

1. They have told us a lot оf interesting things.

2. The students have written the test-paper without mistakes.

3. The children have scattered about a lot of things.

4. The girl has put all the books into the bookcase.

5. Snow will cover the fields in winter.

6. They will hand in the homework tomorrow.

7. I don't think we shall finish all the preparations today.

8. She always invites me to her dinner parties.

9. She showed me the dress which her daughter had made.

10. We discussed the matter some days ago.

2. Раскройте скобки, выбирая требующееся время глагола

1. Her brother said he never (to see) that film before.

2. He came home and listened: his son (to play) the piano.

3. They didn't worry too much because they (to lock) the door.

4. I asked her when she (to give) me that book to read.

5. We wanted to know if they (to enjoy) the meal.

6. She supposed she (to like) the hotel.

7. I am afraid they (not to come) yet.

8. He wanted to know if the station (to be) far away.

9. Eric doesn't know who (to phone) him at five o'clock.

10. He admitted he (not to be) here for weeks.

3. Передайте следующие повествова­тельные предложения в косвенной речи

1. Не said to me: "I want to see you today."

2. She said: "I am free tonight".

3. Mother said to me: "I feel bad today."

4. The pupil said to the teacher: "I can do my homework after dinner."

5. The teacher said to Jack: "You work hard, I know. You are a good boy."

6. The teacher said to the pupils: "Next year we shall have six hours of English a week."

7. The old man said to the girl: "You can sing perfectly. I think you will be a fa­mous singer."

8. My sister said to me: "You look very well, much better than you looked yesterday. I think you have recovered after your illness."

9. My brother said to me: "I am going to become a doctor."

10. My uncle said to us: "I buy several newspapers every day."