Holidays and fesivals in Russia

Слайд 1. holidays in russia. праздники россии

Listening and reading

Using words and grammar

Speaking and writing

На этом уроке вы научитесь:

- понимать содержание текстов о государственных и неофициальных праздниках России;

- применять правила словообразования при восстановлении лексико-грамматического значения слова в связанном контексте;

- рассказывать и писать о праздниках России.

слайд 2. What are the official holidays in Russia? какие праздники в россии считаются официальными?

3 иллюстрации

1.

(все праздники в уроке)

2.

What are the most important holidays in Russia?

What are the most popular holidays in Russia?

3.

What holidays does your family celebrate?

What is your favourite holiday?

слайд 3. What do these holidays celebrate? что отмечают в эти праздники?

3 иллюстрации с названиями праздников, списками слов (фон - праздники)

1. New Year's Day, Christmas

feast - застолье

get together - собраться вместе

chime - бой курантов

reestablish - возобновить

attend - посещать

2. 8 March, 23 February, Victory Day

equal rights - равные права

wreath - венок

grave - могила

defend - защищать

serve - служить

correspond - соответствовать

share - разделять

surrender - сдаться

commemorate - чествовать

annually - ежегодно

3. Russia Day, Victory Day

adoption - принятие

statehood - государственность

uprising - восстание

sovereignity - суверенитет

declare - провозглашать

unite - объединять

preserve - сохранить

willingly - добровольно

слайд 4. the 8 public holidays of russia. восемь госусарственных праздников россии.

Тренажёр

Read the texts and fill in the gaps.

Прочитайте тексты и заполните пропуски.

В верхней части закладки - иконки праздников, при клике на них - текст с 2-мя пробелами, ниже - список слов. Фон - праздники

New Year's Day

New Year's Day is on January 1. Most of the celebrations occur on New Year's Eve (December 31). New Year's Day is the time for family get-togethers, gift giving, feasts and fireworks. At midnight everyone listens to the Kremlin bells chime followed by president's speech to the nation and then it is customary to set off fireworks and party till morning. Russians have a long New Year vacation that begins on January 1 and ends on January 8.

at midnight vacation banned reestablished serve united

military corresponds associated different kicks off

commemorates annually independence patriotism liberation

New Year's Day

New Year's Day is on January 1. Most of the celebrations occur on New Year's Eve (December 31). New Year's Day is the time for family get-togethers, gift giving, feasts and fireworks. At midnight everyone listens to the Kremlin bells chime followed by president's speech to the nation and then it is customary to set off fireworks and party till morning. Russians have a long New Year vacation that begins on January 1 and ends January 8.

Christmas Day

Christmas in Russia is observed on 7 January, according to the Julian calendar used by the Russian Orthodox Church. In the Soviet Union, Christmas was banned under the officially atheist Soviets in 1925. The holiday was reestablished in 1991. Some Russians do not celebrate the day at all, while Orthodox Christians attend a church service, have a family dinner, and exchange gifts.

Defender of the Fatherland Day

The Defender of the Fatherland Day is observed on 23 February, and is a day of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Since all Russian men are supposed to serve in the army (although it is possible not to serve), this day is the day of all men. It celebrates Russia's men, especially military veterans, active servicemen, and fallen soldiers. The day was first celebrated in Moscow as "Day of the Birth of the Red Army" in 1922.

International Women's Day

This public holiday falls on March 8. International Women's Day corresponds to the celebration of Mother's Day in the West, though in Russia all women can share in the celebration. Women are usually given gifts of flowers or chocolates on this day. Historically, March 8 has been associated with women's rights protest in New York. In March 8, 1857 women from sewing and shoe factories demonstrated for rights equal to those of men.

Spring and Labour Day

This public holiday falls on May 1. In the former Soviet Union, 1 May was International Workers' Day and was celebrated with huge parades. Today everyone calls this holiday something different: "Labor Day," "The May Holiday," and "Worker's Day". It is celebrated with parades, concerts, food, drink, and traditionally kicks off the dacha season.

Victory Day

May 9, Russia celebrates the victory over Nazi Germany. On 9 May 1945 (by Moscow time) the German military surrendered to the Soviet Union in Berlin. Victory Day is the most important holiday in Russia It commemorates those who died in WWII and pays tribute to survivors and veterans. Flowers and wreaths are laid on wartime graves and special parties and concerts are organized for veterans. A huge military parade, hosted by the President of the Russian Federation, is annually organized in Moscow on Red Square. Similar parades are organized in all major Russian cities. In the evening there are firework displays in all cities and towns of Russia.

Russia Day

This holiday is celebrated on June 12. It commemorates the adoption of the 1991 Declaration of Sovereignty of the Russian Federation which declared Russia's "independence" from the USSR. This holiday is generally celebrated simply as a show of patriotism for Russia. It's celebrated similarly to Victory Day, with fireworks set off at 10 p.m.

Unity Day

Unity Day is observed on November 4. It's a national holiday that had been celebrated for centuries until the Bolsheviks came to the power. It celebrates the liberation of Moscow from Polish troops in 1612 and the end of the "time of troubles". Even though there was neither Tsar nor Patriarch to guide Russia, all the classes of Russian society willingly united to preserve Russian statehood. The popular uprising led by Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky pushed the Polish invaders from Moscow.

слайд 4. the past and present of new year's day. настоящее и прошлое нового года

accompany - сопровождать

distribute - раздавать

decree - издать указ, указ

multiple - многочисленный

READING TEST

Иллюстрации

Read the texts and match them with the titles.

Прочитайте тексты и установите соответствие между текстами А-E и

заголовками 1-6. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.

Holiday traditions

New Year's Day is the time for family get-togethers, gift giving, and fireworks. At midnight everyone listens to the Kremlin bells chime broadcast by most major television channels. The chimes are followed by president's speech to the nation and then Russians set off fireworks and party till morning. Most of the celebrations occur on New Year's Eve (December 31) while the holiday day by itself is a time for relaxing.

Similar traditions

The New Year celebration in Russia contains many elements similar to those found in Christmas traditions in the West. These include the Christmas tree, Santa known in Russian as "Grandfather Frost", and presents. In the Russian tradition, Grandfather Frost's granddaughter, the Snow Maiden, always accompanies him to help distribute the gifts. Elves are not associated with the holiday.

Extended holidays

Russians receive more than a week off for the New Year holidays. This tradition actually dates to 1699, when a Tsarist decree from Peter the Great standardized the New Year to January 1, which was then becoming the standard in Europe. To make the new reform popular, the Tsar also decreed that the new holiday would be celebrated over a seven-day period with lights, fir trees, military processions, and end with a procession of a cross through the city streets.

Experiments with dates

Before 1699, Russia had dealt with multiple calendars: the Byzantine calendar which celebrated September 1 as the New Year and an older calendar which used March 1 for the New Year. Both of these calendars numbered the years based on the Biblically-calculated age of the Earth.

Double holiday

When the Soviet government adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1918, the Russian Orthodox Church did not recognize it and continued using the old Julian calendar. The two calendars disagreed by two weeks. As a result, Russians started celebrating both dates, creating a new holiday known as the "Old New Year" by the Julian calendar. Although it is not an official holiday, it is celebrated on the eve of January 13^th with food, drink, and small gifts.

Imperial times

слайд 5. why march 8? почему 8 марта?

Иллюстрации

women's rights - женские права

equal - равный

strike - забастовка

proposal - предложение

decision - решение

significance - значение

particular - определённый

assign - присвоить, назначить

demonstrate - выйти на демонстрацию

gain - добиться

adopt - принять

support - поддерживать, поддержка

struggle - борьба, бороться

vote - голос, голосовать

READING TEST

Иллюстрации

Read the text and choose T (true), F (false), NS (not stated) for the statements.

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А5 - А8 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 - True), какие не соответствуют (2 - False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 - Not stated).

Historically, March 8 has long been internationally associated with women's rights, beginning with a famous mass protest in New York. In March 8, 1857 when women from sewing and shoe factories demonstrated for rights equal to those of men. Men had recently won a 10-hour workday. Women, however, were forgotten in the legislation and kept to a 16-hour workday. The strike gained public support and became a day for regular demonstrations in the US and Europe.

In 1910, during a meeting of women in the Socialist International, a proposal was made to adopt March 8th as an international socialist holiday marking the struggle for women's rights. The International adopted the idea, but did not assign to it any particular date, leaving that decision up to the party members from each country.

The day was first celebrated in St. Petersburg in 1913, but it would not become an official state holiday and day off until 1965. However, the greatest historical significance of the date for Russians is that Russian women first gained the right to vote on March 8, 1917 according to the Julian calendar. As for American women, they would gain the right to vote only three years later.

A5. March 8 is associated with women rights demonstration in America. T

A6. During the strike in 1857 women won a 10-hour workday. NS

A7. The Socialist International assigned March 8 as international socialist Holiday. F

A8. In 1920 American women gained the right to vote. T

слайд 6. what are the unofficial holidays in russia? какие праздники в россии отмечают неофицально?

Иллюстрации, слова, выход на тестирование

greet - приветствовать

reply - отвечать

pagan - языческий

effigy - чучело

belief - вера

baptism - крещение

dump - выливать

unsuspecting - неподозревающий

relatives - родственники

passer-by - прохожий

set date - постоянная дата

variable - меняющийся

LISTENING TEST

Иллюстрации

Listen to the texts and match them with the statements.

Вы услышите 5 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A-E и названиями праздников, данными в списке 1 - 6. Используйте каждое название праздника из списка 1-5 только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите каждую аудиозапись дважды.

Easter

It is celebrated on a different date each year, just like in the West. For Russians it is a bigger holiday than Christmas. It is celebrated with painted eggs, special food and church services. People greet each other with 'Christ is risen', to which the reply is 'Truly risen'.

Maslenitsa

It is the equivalent of Mardi Gras, and comes from a pagan holiday that celebrates the spring. Certain rituals may be observed like the preparation and eating of pancakes (which symbolize the sun), the burning of an effigy of winter.

The Day of Knowledge: September 1

This day is marked by giving flowers to teachers, a speech given by the director of the school to the students and other events such as the "first bell" where a first grade girl is lifted to the shoulders of an older male pupil to ring in the first school day.

City Day

Each city in Russia celebrates its official founding date with fireworks, concerts, food, drink, and other festivities. Some are set days while others are variable. For example, Moscow's celebrations are always on the first Saturday of September. However, St. Petersburg always celebrates it on May 27.

Ivan Kupala: July 7

Or the Day of John the Baptist, it's a day that mixes religious belief with pagan traditions. While the day is linked to the practice of baptism, this day is most enthusiastically celebrated by children, who dump water on unsuspecting relatives, friends, or passers-by.

Cosmonaut's Day: 12 April

слайд 7. VOCABULARY. СЛОВАРНЫЙ ЗАПАС

Здесь не все слова урока

Тренажёр

noun - существительное

adjective - прилагательное

verb - глагол

feast - застолье

chime - бой курантов

wreath - венок

statehood - государственность

decree - издать указ, указ

strike - забастовка

decision - решение

significance - значение

effigy - чучело

vote - голос, голосовать

belief - вера

equal - равный

annual - ежегодный

pagan - языческий

multiple - многочисленный

particular - определённый

variable - меняющийся

reestablish - возобновить

attend - посещать

defend - защищать

serve - служить

correspond - соответствовать

share - разделять

surrender - сдаться

commemorate - чествовать

unite - объединять

greet - приветствовать

reply - отвечать

gain - добиться

ИТОГОВОЕ ТЕСТИРОВАНИЕ

Иллюстрации урока

1. Read the text and choose T (true), F (false), NS (not stated) for the statement.

Прочитайте текст и утверждение. Выберите T - если утверждение верно, F - если утверждение не соответствует сказанному в тексте, NS - если в тексте об этом не говорится.

In 1699 a Tsarist decree from Peter the Great standardized the New Year to January 1, which was then becoming the standard in Europe. To make the new reform popular, the Tsar also decreed that the new holiday would be celebrated over a seven-day period with lights, fir trees, military processions, and end with a procession of a cross through the city streets.

Peter the Great reformed the celebration of New Year's Day for the love of different festivities. NS

2. Fill in the gap. Put the word in the right form.

Заполните пропуск. Поставьте слово в правильную форму.

Each city in Russia celebrates its official founding date with fireworks, concerts, food, drink, and other festivities. FESTIVE

3. Fill in the gap. Put the word in the right form.

Заполните пропуск. Поставьте слово в правильную форму.

In 1612 all the classes of Russian society willingly united to preserve Russian statehood. UNITE

4. Replace the word in bold with the right synonym.

Замените слово, выделенное жирным шрифтом, синонимом.

Grandfather Frost's granddaughter, the Snow Maiden, always accompanies him to help distribute the gifts.

give out / give up / give away

5. Fill in the gap with the right word.

Заполните пропуск соответствующим словом.

Russian women first … the right to vote on March 8, 1917 according to the Julian calendar.

gained / defended / fought