Таблица по английскому языку на тему Употребление герундия и инфинитива

TO-INFINITIVE, BARE INFINITIVE and -ING-FORM

(Spotlight 10 Module 2c)

Использование инфинитива (с - и без- to) и глаголов с окончанием -ing

Инфинитив с частицей to используется:

1. для выражения цели

He went shopping to buy some new clothes.

2. после would love/like/prefer

I would like to have a cup of tea now.

3. после прилагательных happy, sorry, angry, glad, pleased, annoyed и др.

I'm glad to see you!

4. со словами too (слишком) и enough

He's too young to go to school alone.

She's clever enough to understand this.

5. после ряда глаголов: advise, agree, appear, decide, expect, forget, hope, manage, offer, promise, refuse, seem, want

I hope to meet him again.

We want to eat out tonight.

6. после вопросительных слов where, how, what, who, which

They don't know what to do.

I don't know how to skate.

Инфинитив без частицы to используется:

1. после модальных глаголов can, must, should, could, might, have to, ought to и др.

I must do my homework right now.

You have to get up earlier tomorrow.

2. после глаголов let, make, hear, see

My parents let me go clubbing.

I heard her sing yesterday.

3. После выражений had better, would rather

You'd better go to bed. You look tired.

I'd rather stay at home in such bad weather.

! После глагола help можно использовать как инфинитив с to, так и без to

He helped me to write this report.

Can you help me clean the flat?

Глаголы с окончанием -ing употребляются:

1. в качестве существительного

Fishing is a hobby for quiet relaxed people.

2. после глаголов like, love, enjoy, dislike, hate, prefer

I enjoy playing tennis.

3. После глаголов start, begin, stop, finish

Stop talking to me like that!

4. после глагола go в сочетании с видами деятельности

Let's go skydiving! He went snowboarding.

5. после глаголов avoid, admit, confess to, deny, look forward to, mind, object to, regret, risk, spend, suggest и др.

I look forward to going out on Saturday.

6. после выражений I'm busy, it's no use, it's (no) good, it's worth, what's the use of, be used to, there's no point (in)

There's no use talking to him. He's in the headphones.

7. после предлогов

He left without saying goodbye.

8. после глаголов see, hear в значении не полного действия

I saw her talking to the head teacher. ( Я видел, как она говорит с директором, но не видел ни начала действия, ни его окончания).

Сравните: I saw her talk to the head teacher. (я наблюдал весь разговор полностью.)